Chapter 11 A&P2 Part 3
inflammation of the middle layer of the heart is known as:
myocarditis
which of these layers "does the heart's work"?
myocardium
which of the following accurately describes cardiac output?
none of these are correct
all of the following happen to the cardiovascular system as a result of aging and hypertension except:
none of these are correct. they all happen to the cardiovascular system as a result of aging and hypertension
inflammation of the pericardium is known as:
pericarditis
an example of angeogenesis is:
persistent build up of metabolic waste, causing new vessel growth to increase blood flow
which of the following chemicals does NOT have a positive chronotropic effect?
potassium
the right side of the heart produces_____circulation:
pulmonary
the primary symptom of congestive heart failure is:
pulmonary congestion
which term describes the fact that the heart must pump out the amount of blood it receives?
Frank-Starling law of the heart
given that Norm has a pulse of 136 beats/min and a stroke volume of 80 mL/beat when he works out, what else is true?
Norm's cardiac output is over 10 L/min
the most common cause of right-sided heart failure is:
left-sided heart failure
during right-sided heart failure, blood cannot reach what organ for oxygenation?
lungs
how many chambers does the heart have?
4
which of the following is NOT a wave on an ECG?
Z
when the atria of the heart contracts:
al of these are correct: blood enters ventricles, ventricles are relaxing, and tricuspid valve opens
which of the following are factors that influence the heart rate?
all of these are correct: function of the medulla oblongata in the brain, parasympathetic innervation, and temperature of the body
what conditions my cause left-sided heart failure?
all of these: chronic coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes
a cardiac cycle is one complete:
all of these: contraction, diastole, and relaxation
which of the following is NOT a medication commonly prescribed for right-sided heart failure?
all of these: diuretics, digoxin, and ACE inhibitors
treatment for heart failure involves which of the following?
all of these: surgery, medication, and changes in life style
which of the following describes an arrythmia?
an irregular heart rate and abnormal heart rhythm
what cardiac disorder is characterized by heaviness or pain in the chest caused by a temporary or reversible myocardial ischemia?
angina pectoric
which of the following is NOT a medication commonly prescribed for heart failure?
antibiotics
what is the correct sequence of vessels that blood travels as it leaves the heart?
aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, and venae cavae
which of the following statements accurately describes vessel anatomy?
arteries carry blood away from the heart to the capillaries
what are the upper chambers of the heart called?
atrias
what structure carries the electrical impulse from the AV node toward the apex of the heart?
atrioventricular bundle
the atrioventricular valve is also known as the:
bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve
the buildup of excessive fluid within the pericardium is called:
cardiac tamponade
disease of the heart muscle is know as:
cardiomyopathy
disease of the heart muscle is known as:
cardiomyopathy
the pH carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood are monitored by:
chemoreceptors
left-sided heart failure is also known as:
congestive heart failure
right-sided heart failure caused by pulmonary disorders is called:
cor pulmonale
in right-sided heart failure, the right ventricle cannot push what kind of blood out of the heart?
deoxygenated
the QRS complex of the electrical activity of the heart represents:
depolarization of the ventricles
what is the term used to describe difficulty breathing?
dyspnea
inflammation of the inner layer of the heart is:
endocarditis
what is the term for inflammation of the lining of the heart?
endocarditis
inflammation of the outer layer of the heart is known as:
epicarditis
which of the following is NOT a factor in how resistance affects blood flow?
force of the ventricular contraction
built-up blood in the liver's tissues leads to:
hepatomegaly
left-sided heart failure causes hypertrophy or a(n)___in cardiac muscle:
increase
which of the following is a factor in the local control of blood pressure?
inflammation
how is cardiac muscle specialized to avoid fatigue
it can use a variety of fuels
which statement is FALSE regarding how the structure of the myocardium relates to its function?
it has myocytes with intercalated disks to insulate electrical messages
which of the following best describes the interventricular septum?
it is the wall that seperates the left from the right ventricles of the heart
in left-sided heart failure the left ventricle is unable to sufficiently accommodate oxygenated blood entering from the:
left atrium
the chambers of the heart that contain oxygenated blood are the:
left atrium and left ventricle
which of the following is NOT considered one of the mechanisms that aids in venous return?
pulse pressure
excessive urination at night is called:
renal calculi
what condition may occur secondary to right-sided heart failure?
renal impairment
blood enters into what structure in the heart from the superior and interior venae cavae?
right atrium
if Courtney has a blood pressure of 130/88 mmHg, what else is true?
she is hypertensive
which of the following is the natural or primary pacemaker?
sinoatrial node
which statement does NOT describe how blood is returned to the heart?
smooth muscles massage the veins
which of the following diagnostic tests is used to assess the function of the heart during physical activity?
stress test
the left side of the heart produces____circulation:
systemic
what is the term used to describe rapid breathing?
tachypnea
which of the following happens during atrial systole?
the atria depolarize and contract together, creating decreased volume and higher pressure in the atria than in ventricles
which of the following statements accurately describes the location of or blood flow for the vessel?
the hepatic portal vein lies between two capillary beds
which of the following statements accurately matches the cardiac structure to its description of function?
the mitral valve is on the left side of the heart
as Nick and Kate exercise, which of the following happen?
they experience increased venous return to the heart
what medication is given to break up clots and restore blood flow?
tissue plasminogen activator
what is the anatomy of blood vessels?
veins and arteries have three tunics
effects of aging on the cardiovascular system cause:
vessels to thicken and become less elastic