Chapter 11 Anatomy

Your doctor orders you to have a scan of your brain done, and he wants to assess not only your brain but your spinal area as well. Which test will he order to get the most accurate results?

Flow-Sensitive MRI - Types of Brain Scans

Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is created by the _____.

choroid plexus - Brain Ventricles: Definition & Function

Melatonin is responsible for maintaining the _________, which is also called the sleep-wake cycle.

circadian rhythm - What is the Pineal Gland?

What does myelin do?

coats neurons and speeds up signals between them - Prefrontal Cortex: Definition, Function & Development

What are the two areas of the premotor cortex?

lateral and medial - Functions of the Premotor Cortex

The central and inferior nuclei of the reticular formation are found in the _____.

medulla - Reticular Formation: Definition & Functions

The ascending reticular formation is responsible for _____.

sleep and wake cycles - Reticular Formation: Definition & Functions

The Blood-CSF Barrier includes the:

Arachnoid mater and CSF - Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Brain: Functions & Production

Where is the premotor cortex is located _____ the primary motor cortex .

in front of - Functions of the Premotor Cortex

Where is synovial fluid found?

in the joints between the articular cartilage of the bones - What Is Synovial Fluid? - Definition & Function

How many hemispheres exist within our brains?

2 - Split Brain: Definition, Research & Experiments

What age are humans believed to be before their PFC is fully developed?

25 - Prefrontal Cortex: Definition, Function & Development

How many lobes does the brain have?

4 - What Are the Brain's Functions? - Overview

What is a ruptured aneurysm?

A blood vessel that has bulged and popped - What is a Brain Lesion? - Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

What is the corpus callosum?

A bundle of nerve connecting brain hemispheres - Split Brain: Definition, Research & Experiments

What is the difference between a standard MRI and a functional MRI (fMRI)?

A functional MRI assesses oxygen flow to the brain, making it a useful tool in surgical procedures. - Types of Brain Scans

Sometimes, people who suffer brain damage, either from toxins, stroke, or other neuropathies, can have damage to the somatosensory cortex. What do you think a symptom of this damage would be?

A loss of sensation in the body - Somatosensory Cortex: Definition, Location & Function

What is the somatosensory cortex?

A part of the brain located in the cerebral cortex that is involved in processing sensory input - Somatosensory Cortex: Definition, Location & Function

What is a corpus callosotomy?

A surgical procedure severing the corpus callosum - Split Brain: Definition, Research & Experiments

Which are important functions of the choroid plexus and CSF?

Act as a pH buffer and a physical barrier - Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Brain: Functions & Production

A traumatic brain injury to the frontal lobes can result in _____.

All answer choices are correct - Frontal Lobes of the Brain: Function, Overview

The frontal lobes are located _____.

All answer choices are correct - Frontal Lobes of the Brain: Function, Overview

The ventricular system provides which of the following functions?

All answers are correct - Brain Ventricles: Definition & Function

What is considered head trauma?

All of the answers are correct. - What is a Brain Lesion? - Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

What causes brain tumors?

All of the listed answers. - What is a Brain Lesion? - Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

What is a brain lesion?

All of the listed answers. - What is a Brain Lesion? - Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

The almond-shaped structure of the brain that allows us to experience fear is called the:

Amygdala - Telencephalon: Definition & Function

What would damage to the cranial nerves originating from the cerebral peduncle result in?

An inability to rotate your eyes in their sockets - Midbrain: Definition, Function & Structures

Where is the midbrain located?

Between the forebrain and hindbrain - Midbrain: Definition, Function & Structures

Why is the blood supply to your brain more reliable than to many other organs?

Blood going to your brain forms anastomoses to form the Circle of Willis. - Brain Blood Supply: Anatomy & Diagrams

What protects the central nervous system (CNS) from bacterial infections, toxins and some drugs?

Blood-brain barrier - Brain Ventricles: Definition & Function

Scientists learn about the functions of specific areas of the brain by _____.

Both of the answer choices - Frontal Lobes of the Brain: Function, Overview

The ____ is the most complex organ of the body.

Brain - What Are the Brain's Functions? - Overview

Which part of the brain regulates many vital autonomic functions including heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and digestion?

Brain Stem - Brain Structures and Functions Part I

What technique assigns a color to brain activity and allows scientists to watch how neurons interact?

Brainbow - What is Brain Mapping? - Test & Techniques

The brain is made up of 3 main parts: the cerebrum, cerebellum and ___.

Brainstem - Corticospinal Tract: Function & Anatomy

How does the pons regulate breathing?

By controlling your breathing rate. - Parts of the Brain Stem: The Medulla Oblongata and Pons

Television and movies often show a policeman holding fingers to the side of an accident victim's neck. What are they doing?

Checking for a pulse from the carotid artery. - Brain Blood Supply: Anatomy & Diagrams

Which type of brain scan uses a series of x-ray images to create a complete picture of the brain?

CT scan - Types of Brain Scans

The blood brain barrier causes treatments for some conditions to be difficult. Which one(s) might this be and why?

Cancer treatments and brain infections, because medications do not cross over into the brain easily. - Brain Blood Supply: Anatomy & Diagrams

What is the function of oxytocin?

Cause contractions during childbirth - Diencephalon: Definition, Location & Function

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the brain?

Cerebellum lobe - What Are the Brain's Functions? - Overview

Which of the following is NOT a structure of the midbrain?

Cerebellum- Midbrain: Definition, Function & Structures

The ________ is the largest part of the human brain that surrounds most of the other brain structures.

Cerebral cortex - The Cerebral Cortex: Brain Structures and Functions Part II

Which voluntary movement is NOT controlled by the corticospinal tract?

Chewing - Corticospinal Tract: Function & Anatomy

White matter:

Communicates information - The Brain Hemispheres: Left Brain/Right Brain Communication and Control

What new branch of brain mapping is looking even closer at how neurons work together?

Connectomics - What is Brain Mapping? - Test & Techniques

The structure that helps your left cerebral hemisphere communicate with the right cerebral hemisphere is known as the:

Corpus Callosum - The Brain Hemispheres: Left Brain/Right Brain Communication and Control

What is the name of the gelatinous substance that the stereocilia of the hair cells is embedded in?

Cupula - The Vestibular System: Definition, Anatomy & Function

The feeling that you've experienced something before, even though you know that you couldn't have is known as what?

Deja vu - Dr. Wilder Penfield: Biography & Research

What is a tool that reads electrical activity in the brain with electrodes that are placed on the subject's scalp?

Electroencephalography (EEG) - What is Brain Mapping? - Test & Techniques

The right hemisphere of our brain is better than the left hemisphere when processing which of the following?

Emotion - Split Brain: Definition, Research & Experiments

The telencephalon is a subdivision of the:

Forebrain - Telencephalon: Definition & Function

Damage to the hippocampus would most likely affect a person's ability to:

Form new memories - Telencephalon: Definition & Function

How many brain ventricles make up the ventricular system?

Four - Brain Ventricles: Definition & Function

Broca's area is named for the _____ credited with determining the significance and function of this part of the brain.

French surgeon - Broca's Area: Function & Definition

Which of the below is NOT one of the four lobes of the cerebrum?

Front cranial lobe - Forebrain: Definition & Function

A lot of nerve cell bodies are located in the:

Grey Matter - The Brain Hemispheres: Left Brain/Right Brain Communication and Control

Which of the below structures is NOT a deep structure of the forebrain?

Grey matter - Forebrain: Definition & Function

An elevation on the surface of your brain surrounded by one or more sulci is best known as a:

Gyrus - Gross Anatomy of the Human Brain: Major Anatomical Structures and Terminology

Which of the below organs does NOT have a cortex?

Heart Cortex: Definition, Function & Layers

The rhombencephalon is more commonly known as the:

Hindbrain - Early Brain Development: Major Parts & Functions

Which part of the embryonic brain will later mature into structures most critical to your heart rate?

Hindbrain - Early Brain Development: Major Parts & Functions

Which is NOT a function of the frontal lobes?

Interpreting spoken language - Frontal Lobes of the Brain: Function, Overview

Why is the cerebral cortex also referred to as gray matter?

It appears gray due to the unmyelinated neurons that compose it. - Cortex: Definition, Function & Layers

Which of the following is NOT true of the cerebral aqueduct?

It carries cerebrospinal fluid, which helps cool the brain and maintain appropriate brain tissue temperature. - Midbrain: Definition, Function & Structures

Which of the following is TRUE about the blood brain barrier?

It doesn't allow most toxins entry into your brain. - Brain Blood Supply: Anatomy & Diagrams

Which of the following is NOT true of your corpora quadrigemina?

It is responsible for collecting sensory information from your eyes and ears and relaying it to your red nucleus. - Midbrain: Definition, Function & Structures

Synovial fluid supplies nutrients to the _____.

articular cartilage - What Is Synovial Fluid? - Definition & Function

Which of the following did Kim Peek (a man with a natural split brain) develop?

Kim Peek developed language areas in both hemispheres and is rumored to have memorized over 9,000 books. - Split Brain: Definition, Research & Experiments

The anatomical part that separates the frontal and parietal lobe from the temporal lobe is known as the:

Lateral Sulcus - Gross Anatomy of the Human Brain: Major Anatomical Structures and Terminology

Where is Broca's area?

Left frontal lobe of the brain - Broca's Area: Function & Definition

All of the below increase surface area of the cerebral cortex BUT what?

Lobes Cortex: Definition, Function & Layers

What is the term for the study of the relationship between the regions of the brain, and the tasks they perform?

Localization of function - What is Brain Mapping? - Test & Techniques

The groove which separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres is know as the:

Longitudinal Fissure - The Brain Hemispheres: Left Brain/Right Brain Communication and Control

Which of the following is the same as the mesencephalon?

Midbrain - Early Brain Development: Major Parts & Functions

Early in his career, Penfield used a surgical approach to treating epilepsy that is known as which of the following?

Montreal Procedure - Dr. Wilder Penfield: Biography & Research

Broca's area of the brain controls _____ involved with speech production

Motor functions - Broca's Area: Function & Definition

What is not a symptom of a brain lesion?

NOT Slurred speech - What is a Brain Lesion? - Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

The corticospinal tract is a nerve bundle that originates in what part of the cerebrum?

NOT The medulla - Corticospinal Tract: Function & Anatomy

Which of the below is NOT part of the vestibular system?

NOT The membranous labyrinth - The Vestibular System: Definition, Anatomy & Function

If a person suffered damage to the right side of the parietal lobe, which of the following is a likely consequence?

NOT The person would lose motor and sensory function on the right side of their body. - The Cerebral Cortex: Brain Structures and Functions Part II

How are white matter and grey matter different?

NOT White matter is myelinated neuron tissue that's superficial to grey matter, which is deep, unmyelinated neuron tissue. - Forebrain: Definition & Function

The pineal gland releases _________ melatonin when light is detected and _________ melatonin when little to no light is detected.

NOT more, less - What is the Pineal Gland?

Which part of the brain helps with muscle precision?

NOT primary motor cortex - Primary Motor Cortex: Location & Function

How does our brain get information about our environment?

Neurons in the body that sense external stimuli send information to the brain, where it is interpreted by the somatosensory cortex. - Somatosensory Cortex: Definition, Location & Function

Wilder Penfield was an American born Canadian surgeon that specialized in what?

Neurosurgery - Dr. Wilder Penfield: Biography & Research

Decreased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the basal ganglia can result in which disorder?

Parkinson's disease - Telencephalon: Definition & Function

What gland does the hypothalamus trigger?

Pituitary gland - Diencephalon: Definition, Location & Function

The common name for the forebrain is the:

Prosencephalon - Early Brain Development: Major Parts & Functions

The part of the early, developing brain, that will mature into structures involved with emotion and complex thought is mainly the:

Prosencephalon - Early Brain Development: Major Parts & Functions

The corticospinal tract descends down through the brainstem until it reaches the ___, where it splits.

Pyramidal decussation - Corticospinal Tract: Function & Anatomy

What is the role of the hypothalamus when it comes to hunger and fullness?

Receive the hormones ghrelin and leptin, which alert the brain to hunger and fullness - Diencephalon: Definition, Location & Function

What does the term 'cortex' mean?

Refers to the outermost layer of tissue. Cortex: Definition, Function & Layers

What is the function of the thalamus?

Relay signals to and from the brain and body - Diencephalon: Definition, Location & Function

What is the thalamus responsible for?

Relaying signals to the correct area of the cerebrum for interpretation - Forebrain: Definition & Function

The frontal lobe of the brain is:

Responsible for problem solving, judgment, and motor function - What Are the Brain's Functions? - Overview

The occipital lobe of the brain is:

Responsible for processing and interpreting visual stimulus - What Are the Brain's Functions? - Overview

Which type of brain scan is used in conjunction with other brain scans or tests in order to confirm or deny findings?

SPECT scan - Types of Brain Scans

What does the saccule transmit?

Sensory information regarding rising and falling gravitational and acceleration forces - The Vestibular System: Definition, Anatomy & Function

Penfield's research on epilepsy and brain surgery led to the creation of which scientific tool?

Sensory map - Dr. Wilder Penfield: Biography & Research

The central sulcus:

Separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe - Gross Anatomy of the Human Brain: Major Anatomical Structures and Terminology

In what order would a surgeon cut through tissues in a brain surgery?

Skin, skull, arachnoid mater, brain tissue, ventricle - Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Brain: Functions & Production

The olfactory bulbs in the brain relay information about which sense?

Smell- Telencephalon: Definition & Function

Why do we need set names for structures in the brain?

So that doctors can describe areas of concern. - Gross Anatomy of the Human Brain: Major Anatomical Structures and Terminology

All of the below are lobes of the cerebral cortex BUT which?

Somatosensory Lobe Cortex: Definition, Function & Layers

A crevice on the surface of your brain is best known as a:

Sulcus - Gross Anatomy of the Human Brain: Major Anatomical Structures and Terminology

A great deal of Penfield's work focused on which part of the brain?

Temporal lobe - Dr. Wilder Penfield: Biography & Research

Which of the below is NOT a superficial structure of the cerebrum?

Thalami - Forebrain: Definition & Function

This part of the brain is considered to be the relay station for sensory information to the cerebral cortex.

Thalamus - Brain Structures and Functions Part I

What are the two parts of the diencephalon?

Thalamus and hypothalamus - Diencephalon: Definition, Location & Function

If a person suffered damage to the temporal lobe, which of the following is a likely consequence?

The person would have memory problems and difficulty understanding spoken language. - The Cerebral Cortex: Brain Structures and Functions Part II

All of these protect the brain EXCEPT:

The central sulcus - Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Brain: Functions & Production

What structure enables your brain to discern a sense of balance and your head's tilt within your environment?

The cristae ampullaris of the semicircular canals. - The Vestibular System: Definition, Anatomy & Function

Which part of the cerebral cortex is important for emotions, speech, planning, and motor function?

The frontal lobe - The Cerebral Cortex: Brain Structures and Functions Part II

What is the difference between the lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts?

The lateral controls the arms and legs, whereas the anterior controls the pelvis. - Corticospinal Tract: Function & Anatomy

Which part of the cerebral cortex is important for processing visual information?

The occipital lobe - The Cerebral Cortex: Brain Structures and Functions Part II

How do the contents of the saccule and utricle cupula differ from that of the cristae ampullaris?

The saccule and utricle contain otoconia suspended within their cupula. - The Vestibular System: Definition, Anatomy & Function

Why are our bodies more sensitive in some places compared to others?

The somatosensory cortex devotes a different amount of processing power to each part of the body, depending on how important it is. - Somatosensory Cortex: Definition, Location & Function

What is brain mapping?

The study of the brain that help us understand the various regions of the brain and what they do - What is Brain Mapping? - Test & Techniques

Brain scans are done for all of the following reasons except which option?

To assess mental functioning of a patient - Types of Brain Scans

The cavities in your brain are known as:

Ventricles - Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Brain: Functions & Production

The corpus callosum is made up mainly of:

White Matter - The Brain Hemispheres: Left Brain/Right Brain Communication and Control

If you realize there is an intruder in your home, why would you most likely experience a spurt in brain activity?

Your hypothalamus is producing a fight or flight response. - Brain Structures and Functions Part I

Synovial fluid is found in _____ joints in the body.

all - What Is Synovial Fluid? - Definition & Function

The pons and medulla oblongata both play major roles in _____.

breathing - Parts of the Brain Stem: The Medulla Oblongata and Pons

How does the primary motor cortex help your body?

by receiving signals and coordinating with muscles to make voluntary movements, like standing up - Primary Motor Cortex: Location & Function

People who have damage to Broca's area of the brain _____.

can understand words but struggle to put them together in speech - Broca's Area: Function & Definition

Which section of the reticular formation is found in the pons?

central tegmental nuclei - Reticular Formation: Definition & Functions

The cerebellum is important for _____.

coordinating movement, balance, and hand-eye coordination - Brain Structures and Functions Part I

Which section of the reticular formation is in the midbrain?

dorsal tegmental nuclei - Reticular Formation: Definition & Functions

Where is the pineal gland located?

epithalamus - What is the Pineal Gland?

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for important decisions, which is also referred to as what?

executive function - Prefrontal Cortex: Definition, Function & Development

The medulla oblongata is _____.

found in the lower brainstem - Parts of the Brain Stem: The Medulla Oblongata and Pons

Synovial fluid helps to reduce _____ in the joints.

friction - What Is Synovial Fluid? - Definition & Function

What is the primary job of the prefrontal cortex?

high-level thinking, such as decision making - Prefrontal Cortex: Definition, Function & Development

By definition, ventricles are _____.

hollow areas or cavities within an organ - Brain Ventricles: Definition & Function

Scientists have mapped out which body parts are interpreted in which part of the somatosensory cortex. What is this map called?

homunculus - Somatosensory Cortex: Definition, Location & Function

_____ causes synovial fluid to be viscous.

hyaluronic acid - What Is Synovial Fluid? - Definition & Function

As the pH of your blood drops, your medulla oblongata senses this, and will cause you to _____.

increase the breathing rate - Parts of the Brain Stem: The Medulla Oblongata and Pons

Which is true of the prefrontal cortex?

it is the last part of the brain to develop - Prefrontal Cortex: Definition, Function & Development

Recent studies have shown that Broca's area of the brain plays a significant role in _____.

language comprehension - Broca's Area: Function & Definition

What part of the brain is responsible for movement?

motor cortex - Functions of the Premotor Cortex

The most important substance that the blood transports to the brain is _____.

oxygen - Brain Blood Supply: Anatomy & Diagrams

Which part of the brain makes executive decisions?

prefrontal cortex - Primary Motor Cortex: Location & Function

What does the premotor cortex do?

prepares your body for movement - Functions of the Premotor Cortex

Which is NOT a section of the reticular formation?

peripheral zone - Reticular Formation: Definition & Functions

Phineas Gage is famous not just for surviving such a wild injury, but also because his trauma to the frontal lobes was the first connection between _____ and _____.

personality and brain trauma - Frontal Lobes of the Brain: Function, Overview

What region of the brain is responsible for all voluntary muscle movements?

primary motor cortex - Primary Motor Cortex: Location & Function

A secondary effect that melatonin has on the human body is to inhibit the production of __________.

reproductive hormones - What is the Pineal Gland?

The hippocampus is important for _____.

the formation of new long term memories and spatial orientation - Brain Structures and Functions Part I

Without _____ our bodies would not be able to detect the pH level of our blood.

the medulla oblongta - Parts of the Brain Stem: The Medulla Oblongata and Pons

Which part of the brain is responsible for sending signals to your muscles?

the motor region - Primary Motor Cortex: Location & Function

The pineal gland is sometimes called the _______ because of its reaction to the presence of light.

third eye - What is the Pineal Gland?

The motor region controls _____ movements.

voluntary - Functions of the Premotor Cortex