Chapter 11: Being Credible and Using Evidence

Which heuristic involves trusting a source because it agrees with other sources?

consistency

Speaking fluently improves the audience's perception of which of the following?

credibility competence

Common ground can mean which of the following?

the audience and speaker have something in common the audience and speaker share a viewpoint the audience and speaker agree on an issue

True or False: A website's extension (.com, .gov, etc) can help you make early judgements about the site's credibility

True

True or False: College and university libraries and reference librarians now focus on digital information

True

Full citations found on a "references" or "works cited" page are called ______________ references

bibliographic

Which of the following are true of objectivity?

a bias can affect the way information is framed all sources are biased in some way

Which of the following reveals what a term means?

a definition

Which of the following best describe a factual example?

a factual example is true a factual example is verifiable

When devising a research plan, what types of sources should you use?

a variety of types of sources

Which of the following are true of an ethical speaker?

an ethical speaker treats the audience as he would like to be treated an ethical speaker is always honest with the audience

What types of personal experience make good evidence?

an experience thst demonstrates a lesson an experience that is typical but not dull

A statement that clarifies what something is or how it works is called __________

an explanation

A comparison of things that are otherwise dissimilar is called _________

analogy

How should you begin your research?

at the center of the topic

Which of the following are dimensions of source credibility?

dynamism trustworthiness competence common ground

In what ways can you borrow on the credibility of others?

evaluate sources conduct research gather support material

Which of the following best describes written or oral statements of others' experience used to substantiate or clarify a point?

testimony

Specific instances used to illustrate your point are called _______

examples

Statements made by someone who has special knowledge or expertise about an issue is called ____________

expert testimony

Mental shortcuts that people use when evaluating sources are called ____________

heuristics

Which of the following are good reasons for using testimonial evidence in a speech?

if the source is an expert commenting on his area of expertise if the source's statements is based on firsthand proof

In which situation would it not be ethical to use personal experience in a speech?

if your message will harm others if it's someone else's experience that can't verify

Stressing personal knowledge of and research on a topic _______

is a good way to build credibility

How can researching best help you select a topic?

it can help you discover and narrow topics

What effect can good research have on your work?

it can lead to strong and impressive evidence

Which of the following is true of an anonymous source in a news story?

it lowers the credibility and believability of the story

Which of the following best describes source credibility?

it means that the audience perceives the source to be an effective speaker

source credibility is important because ......

it means that the audience will listen to and remember your points

Which of the following are principles that you should follow when selecting supporting material for your presentation?

match your supporting material to your topic emphasize supporting material that is consistent with your objective consider your objective, audience, and message when selecting supporting material

When giving a speech about how important city parks are, Taj tells his audience a story about his father taking him to the public jungle gyms and how the experience drew them closer together. Taj has stated a ______________

narrative

Which of the following assumptions are at work in the use of testimonial evidence?

others support your argument; you are not alone the credibility of the person giving the testimonial may transfer your argument

Which of the following undermine the positive effects of self-disclosure?

over relying on self-disclosure disclosing information inappropriate to the topic

Audiences commonly determine trustworthiness by considering a speaker's ___________

past behaviors

Intentionally using information from a source without crediting the source is called _____________

plagiarism

Good ways to establish common ground are __________

pointing to a shared objective establishing a shared trajectory

Which of the following are important when evaluating evidence from a survey?

purpose of the study reliability of the source size of the sample randomness of the sample

Which of following should you use to return an exact word or exact phrase match in a web search?

quotation marks around the word or phrase

A website specially designed to help you search for information is called a ___________ ____________

search engine

Numbers that summarize numerical information or compare quantities are __________

statistics

Details used to substantiate your arguments and to clarify your ideas are called ____________ material

supporting

Which of the following are good sources of information?

the internet personal experience other people

Jacob speaks to a local college volunteer group about the value of park maintenance. Although the audience was not particularly impressed with Jacob as a speaker, over time his message grows in importance in their minds, and they begin to act on his recommendations. The process that has occurred is __________

the sleeper effect

Which of the following factors help determine a speaker's credibility?

the speaker the topic the message the situation

What assumption is at work in the use of testimonial evidence?

the statements of others will help the audience accept your point of view

When first contacting an interview subject, which of the following things should you describe?

the topic of the interview the anticipated length lf the interview your reason for requesting the interview

Which of the following are true of reference librarians?

they can teach you how to use your school's library system they are more likely to help you find and use electronic databases than books they are trained to help you locate sources of information

Which of the following are true of experts?

they rarely assume they have many answers after researching, they often have more questions than answers

Which of the following make good people resources?

university administrators professors government officials

What effect does using evidence have on a speaker's credibility?

using evidence increases a speaker's credibility

In a presentation, naming a source, identifying the source's timeliness, and describing the source's qualifications is called a ____________ ____________

verbal citation

Which of the following are true about conducting an interview?

you must ask the interviewee's permission to record an interview if you record the interview, you should also take notes

Which of the following are true when you quote or paraphrase an expert's ideas?

you should attribute the ideas to the source you should include the source's name and job title or position

Which of the following are good firsthand sources?

your special causes your work experience your family