Chapter 11: Being Credible and Using Evidence
Which heuristic involves trusting a source because it agrees with other sources?
consistency
Speaking fluently improves the audience's perception of which of the following?
credibility competence
Common ground can mean which of the following?
the audience and speaker have something in common the audience and speaker share a viewpoint the audience and speaker agree on an issue
True or False: A website's extension (.com, .gov, etc) can help you make early judgements about the site's credibility
True
True or False: College and university libraries and reference librarians now focus on digital information
True
Full citations found on a "references" or "works cited" page are called ______________ references
bibliographic
Which of the following are true of objectivity?
a bias can affect the way information is framed all sources are biased in some way
Which of the following reveals what a term means?
a definition
Which of the following best describe a factual example?
a factual example is true a factual example is verifiable
When devising a research plan, what types of sources should you use?
a variety of types of sources
Which of the following are true of an ethical speaker?
an ethical speaker treats the audience as he would like to be treated an ethical speaker is always honest with the audience
What types of personal experience make good evidence?
an experience thst demonstrates a lesson an experience that is typical but not dull
A statement that clarifies what something is or how it works is called __________
an explanation
A comparison of things that are otherwise dissimilar is called _________
analogy
How should you begin your research?
at the center of the topic
Which of the following are dimensions of source credibility?
dynamism trustworthiness competence common ground
In what ways can you borrow on the credibility of others?
evaluate sources conduct research gather support material
Which of the following best describes written or oral statements of others' experience used to substantiate or clarify a point?
testimony
Specific instances used to illustrate your point are called _______
examples
Statements made by someone who has special knowledge or expertise about an issue is called ____________
expert testimony
Mental shortcuts that people use when evaluating sources are called ____________
heuristics
Which of the following are good reasons for using testimonial evidence in a speech?
if the source is an expert commenting on his area of expertise if the source's statements is based on firsthand proof
In which situation would it not be ethical to use personal experience in a speech?
if your message will harm others if it's someone else's experience that can't verify
Stressing personal knowledge of and research on a topic _______
is a good way to build credibility
How can researching best help you select a topic?
it can help you discover and narrow topics
What effect can good research have on your work?
it can lead to strong and impressive evidence
Which of the following is true of an anonymous source in a news story?
it lowers the credibility and believability of the story
Which of the following best describes source credibility?
it means that the audience perceives the source to be an effective speaker
source credibility is important because ......
it means that the audience will listen to and remember your points
Which of the following are principles that you should follow when selecting supporting material for your presentation?
match your supporting material to your topic emphasize supporting material that is consistent with your objective consider your objective, audience, and message when selecting supporting material
When giving a speech about how important city parks are, Taj tells his audience a story about his father taking him to the public jungle gyms and how the experience drew them closer together. Taj has stated a ______________
narrative
Which of the following assumptions are at work in the use of testimonial evidence?
others support your argument; you are not alone the credibility of the person giving the testimonial may transfer your argument
Which of the following undermine the positive effects of self-disclosure?
over relying on self-disclosure disclosing information inappropriate to the topic
Audiences commonly determine trustworthiness by considering a speaker's ___________
past behaviors
Intentionally using information from a source without crediting the source is called _____________
plagiarism
Good ways to establish common ground are __________
pointing to a shared objective establishing a shared trajectory
Which of the following are important when evaluating evidence from a survey?
purpose of the study reliability of the source size of the sample randomness of the sample
Which of following should you use to return an exact word or exact phrase match in a web search?
quotation marks around the word or phrase
A website specially designed to help you search for information is called a ___________ ____________
search engine
Numbers that summarize numerical information or compare quantities are __________
statistics
Details used to substantiate your arguments and to clarify your ideas are called ____________ material
supporting
Which of the following are good sources of information?
the internet personal experience other people
Jacob speaks to a local college volunteer group about the value of park maintenance. Although the audience was not particularly impressed with Jacob as a speaker, over time his message grows in importance in their minds, and they begin to act on his recommendations. The process that has occurred is __________
the sleeper effect
Which of the following factors help determine a speaker's credibility?
the speaker the topic the message the situation
What assumption is at work in the use of testimonial evidence?
the statements of others will help the audience accept your point of view
When first contacting an interview subject, which of the following things should you describe?
the topic of the interview the anticipated length lf the interview your reason for requesting the interview
Which of the following are true of reference librarians?
they can teach you how to use your school's library system they are more likely to help you find and use electronic databases than books they are trained to help you locate sources of information
Which of the following are true of experts?
they rarely assume they have many answers after researching, they often have more questions than answers
Which of the following make good people resources?
university administrators professors government officials
What effect does using evidence have on a speaker's credibility?
using evidence increases a speaker's credibility
In a presentation, naming a source, identifying the source's timeliness, and describing the source's qualifications is called a ____________ ____________
verbal citation
Which of the following are true about conducting an interview?
you must ask the interviewee's permission to record an interview if you record the interview, you should also take notes
Which of the following are true when you quote or paraphrase an expert's ideas?
you should attribute the ideas to the source you should include the source's name and job title or position
Which of the following are good firsthand sources?
your special causes your work experience your family