Chapter 11 Bus 122
Hygiene factors
pay
When employees violate the law, ethical standards, important safety rules, or standards of interpersonal treatment, ______ is sometimes appropriate.
punishment
Managers in Japan and Greece tend to be motivated most by ______ needs.
security
Which of the following are examples of extrinsic rewards? (Choose every correct answer.)
Pay Large office Benefits
What core job dimensions are stated in the Hackman and Oldham model? (Choose every correct answer.)
Skill variety Task identity Task significance Feedback Autonomy
A personal statement of purpose should include which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
A mid-distant goal Near-term objectives An inspiring distant vision
Which three of the following are needs that managers in the United States care most strongly about? (Choose every correct answer.)
Achievement Self-actualization Esteem
Which of the following are ways to offer feedback to employees on their performance? (Choose every correct answer.)
Asking customers for feedback that can be passed along to employees Giving regular, ongoing feedback Conducting performance reviews regularly
What employee behaviors should NOT be rewarded, since they do not lead to high performance? (Check all that apply.)
Avoiding risk Quick fixes Mindless conformity
Goals should be which of the following?
Challenging and attainable
Which motivation theory identifies the kinds of needs that people want to satisfy?
Content theory
Stretch goals are targets that have which characteristics?
Demanding and novel
What theory suggests there are three universal needs (existence, relatedness, and growth) that constitute a hierarchy of needs and motivate behavior?
ERG
What concept refers to the perceived likelihood that effort will enable the attainment of performance goals?
Expectancy
What theory describes how a person's work efforts lead to a level of work performance?
Expectancy
Which theory suggests that effort leads to performance, which results in an outcome?
Expectancy
What are the key consequences that encourage or discourage one's behavior? (Choose every correct answer.)
Extinction Negative reinforcement Punishment Positive reinforcement
______ rewards are given to people by the organization.
Extrinsic
In which theory do managers set goals for employees?
Goal-setting
Which motivation theory states that people have conscious goals that energize them and direct their thoughts and behaviors toward a particular end?
Goal-setting theory
What happens when employees feel empowered? (Choose every correct answer.)
Groups of employees can experience a culture of empowerment that enhances work performance. They believe that they are influential contributors to the organization. They feel more confident that they have the ability to perform their jobs.
Which of the following are characteristic of a dissatisfied workforce? (Choose every correct answer.)
High turnover More injuries Strikes
Which of the following are options for restoring equity when people feel they are inequitably treated? (Choose every correct answer.)
Increasing their outcomes Reducing their inputs Decreasing others' outcomes
Which kind of performance goal can be dysfunctional and create competition among team members?
Individual
For motivation to be high, which of the following must also be high? (Choose every correct answer.)
Instrumentality Expectancy Valence
To motivate high performance among employees, what should be rewarded? (Choose every correct answer.)
Loyalty instead of turnover Risk taking instead of risk avoiding Smart work instead of busy work
Which theory organizes human needs into five major types in ascending order?
Maslow's need hierarchy
What refers to forces that energize, direct, and sustain a person's effort?
Motivation
What is job rotation?
Moving workers from one task to another to alleviate boredom.
The law of effect states that behavior will be repeated if it is followed by which kind of consequences?
Positive
What set of perceptions do employees use to decide what they owe their employers and what their employers owe them?
Psychological contract
What type of program aims at satisfying the full range of employee needs?
Quality of work life
______ programs create a workplace that enhances employee well-being and satisfaction.
Quality of work life
Which one of the following is NOT a need in Maslow's hierarchy?
Self-reliance
Which conditions will make employees less motivated? (Choose every correct answer.)
They believe that they can't perform well enough to achieve the positive outcomes. They believe that they can perform but do not value the outcome. They believe that they can perform but that the outcome will not be forthcoming.
Which of the following is an example of offering feedback to employees?
Weekly meetings to discuss each employee's goals and progress.
Which of the following is a situation in which punishing employees would be inappropriate?
When their poor performance isn't their fault
To set goals for yourself, create ______.
a statement of purpose
If a person believes that his or her outcome-to-input ratio is lower than that of someone else, the person typically will ______.
attempt to restore a balance
How a person's needs are or are not met at work will affect the person's ______.
behavior on the job
Setting a goal to learn, rather than a goal to achieve a specific performance level, is appropriate when ______.
employees lack ability or knowledge
Sharing power with employees, and thus making them feel more confident and influential on the job, is called ______.
empowerment
People's perceived likelihood that an effort will enable them to attain their performance goals is called ______.
expectancy
Increasing expectancies, identifying positively valent outcomes, and making performance instrumental toward positive outcomes are all managerial implications of _________.
expectancy theory
Equity theory describes people's assessments of how ______.
fairly they are treated
The five core job dimensions stated in the Hackman and Oldham model are skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and ______.
feedback
If an individual believes his or her outcome-to-input ratio is equivalent to someone else's ratio, the individual typically will ______.
feel satisfied
The expectancy theory states that increasing expectancies, making performance instrumental toward positive outcomes, and ______ are crucial to motivate employees.
identifying positively valent outcomes
Forces that energize, direct, and sustain a person's effort are referred to as_______
motivation
Motivators
opportunities for personal growth
A consequence that people receive for their actions is called a(n) ______.
outcome
Performance results in some kind of consequence, which is referred to as a(n) ______.
outcome
People are more likely to support decisions and decision makers when they perceive ______.
procedural fairness
A set of perceptions regarding what employees owe their employers and what the employers owe them is called a(n) ______.
psychological contract
The four key consequences that encourage or discourage one's behavior are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction, and ______.
punishment
The job dimension that involves completion of a whole, identifiable piece of work is called ______.
task identity
The two types of stretch goals are ______. (Choose every correct answer.)
vertical horizontal
Herzberg's ______ theory describes categories that affect people at work.
two-factor
Which of the following are characteristics of motivational goals? (Choose every correct answer.)
Acceptable Specific Challenging Meaningful
Which of the following is NOT one of the needs McClelland said motivates people?
Affection
Which three of the needs identified by McClelland are critical in motivating people? (Choose every correct answer.)
Affiliation Achievement Power
______ is a human needs theory postulating that people have three basic sets of needs that can operate simultaneously.
Alderfer's ERG theory
Equity theory states that people assess which key factors? (Choose every correct answer.)
Outcomes Inputs
When a workforce is dissatisfied, it is more likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics? (Choose every correct answer.)
Poor mental health Bad customer service High absenteeism
Mo Chou completed her latest work assignment early. If Mo Chou's boss would like her to repeat this behavior, what is the appropriate action according to the law of effect?
Praise for her efforts
Which of the following is an option for people who wish to restore equity when feeling inequitably treated?
Reducing their inputs
Using a fair process in decision making and making sure others know that the process was as fair as possible is called ______.
procedural justice
When workers can see that they have completed a whole, identifiable piece of work, they feel empowered because they are experiencing ______.
task identity