CHAPTER 11: Cardiovascular System Exam Review

Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because:

blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary

Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta:

both the right and left coronary arteries

The brachial vein:

drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein

The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is:

epicardium

Which of the following increases heart rate:

epinephrine

Which of these events is NOT associated with ventricular systole:

heart is relaxed

The right and left renal veins empty blood from the:

inferior vena cava

What structure divides the left from the right ventricle:

interventricular septum

When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the:

left ventricle to the left atrium

Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the:

lungs

The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and:

neck

Veins:

often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

The umbilical vein carries:

oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus

Which of the following is common for right sided congestive heart failure:

peripheral congestion and edema

The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called:

peripheral resistance

The external iliac vein receives blood from all of the following EXCEPT:

popliteal vein

Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point:

renal artery

The tricuspid valve is located between the:

right atrium and right ventricle

Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch:

right common carotid artery

Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart:

sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the:

stroke volume

Deoxygenated blood is returned to the right side of the heart by the:

superior and inferior vena cavae

Which of the following arteries supplies the first half of the large intestine

superior mesenteric artery

Which one is the correct sequence going from the outermost to the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall:

tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure:

venae cavae

Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood:

pulmonary vein

The sinoatrial node is located in the:

right atrium

The mitral valve is normally closed:

when the valve is in systole

Chest pain resulting from the loss of oxygen to heart cells is called:

angina pectoris

Which one of the following are direct branches of the left coronary artery:

anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries

Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm:

aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery

Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting:

aortic semilunar valve

The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is:

arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

Generalized vasoconstriction occurs as a result of:

an increase in sympathetic nervous system firing

Which one of the following is caused by a decrease in venous return to the heart:

a decrease in stroke volume and cardiac output

Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion reabsorption by the kidney in order to increase blood pressure and blood volume:

aldosterone

Normal blood pressure are reported in millimeters of mercury with the systolic pressure written first and the diastolic pressure second. What is the "normal" blood pressure of an average adult?

120/80

High blood pressure is considered dangerous as it could lead to heart failure or stroke. What is considered "high" blood pressure?

140/90

A person with a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has a cardiac output of:

4500 mL/minute

Which of these veins returns blood to the superior vena cava:

brachiocephalic veins

Which fetal shunt bypasses the lungs by directly connecting the right atrium and the left atrium:

ductus arteriosus

The pointed apex of the heart is oriented toward the:

left hip

Coronary heart disease results from:

the accumulation of fatty substances within blood vessels

Which one of the following is true concerning the "lub-dup" sounds of the heart:

the first sound is longer and louder and is caused by closure of the AV valves; the second sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by closure of the semilunar valves

Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall:

tight junctions

Pulmonary veins:

transport oxygenated blood to the heart

The right AV valve is known as the:

tricuspid valve