Chapter 11 Example Questions

Which of the following are the MOST active type of leukocytes, phagocytically, and are usually the first to arrive at an injury site? A) neutrophils B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) erythrocytes

A) neutrophils

Which disease is characterized by defective hemoglobin that results from a mutation affecting the amino acid sequence of one pair of the globular proteins of the hemoglobin molecule resulting in stiff, markedly curved red blood cells? A) sickle cell anemia B) thalassemia C) hematuria D) jaundice E) aplastic anemia

A) sickle cell anemia

The term ________ refers to the combination of plasma and the formed elements together. A) whole blood B) hematocrit C) thrombocyte D) hemopoiesis E) packed cell volume

A) whole blood

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of hemostasis and clot removal: 1. coagulation phase 2. fibrinolysis 3. vascular phase 4. retraction 5. platelet phase The correct sequence of these steps is A) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3. B) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2. C) 2, 3, 5, 1, 4. D) 3, 4, 5, 2, 1. E) 4, 3, 5, 2, 1.

B) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2.

Type AB blood contains A) A agglutinins on the red blood cells. B) agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B. C) B agglutinogens on the red blood cells. D) B agglutinins in the plasma. E) agglutinin A and B.

B) agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B.

Platelets A) are phagocytic. B) are a major component of the vascular clotting system. C) are a component of the unformed elements of blood. D) are lymphocytes. E) have multi-lobed nuclei.

B) are a major component of the vascular clotting system.

The main event of the coagulation phase is A) vascular spasm. B) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. C) clot retraction. D) the formation of a platelet plug. E) the contraction of platelets.

B) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Platelets are A) giant, multinucleated cells. B) cytoplasmic fragments. C) immature leukocytes. D) fixed macrophages. E) surface antigens.

B) cytoplasmic fragments.

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by A) the sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) the activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. C) the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. D) the release of heparin from the liver. E) the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

B) the activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen.

As blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs? A) Hemoglobin binds oxygen and releases its bound carbon dioxide. B) Hemoglobin releases carbon dioxide and oxygen. C) Hemoglobin binds oxygen and carbon dioxide. D) Hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen. E) Hemoglobin gains an increase in its oxygen-carrying capacity.

D) Hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen.

Agglutinins A) are surface antigens on RBCs. B) prevent blood clotting. C) are substances that can trigger a protective defense mechanism called an immune response. D) are antibodies that will attack surface antigens on RBCs of a different blood type. E) contain abundant stained "granules."

D) are antibodies that will attack surface antigens on RBCs of a different blood type.

A hemoglobin molecule contains A) three protein chains, four heme groups, and two iron ions. B) two protein chains, two heme groups, and four iron ions. C) four protein chains, two heme groups, and two iron ions. D) four protein chains, four heme groups, and four iron ions. E) four protein chains, six heme groups, and two iron ions.

D) four protein chains, four heme groups, and four iron ions.

Which condition results from abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the plasma of blood? A) hematuria B) hypoxia C) hemoglobinuria D) jaundice E) thalassemia

D) jaundice

In adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the A) liver. B) thymus. C) spleen. D) red bone marrow. E) yellow bone marrow.

D) red bone marrow.

________ are large phagocytic WBCs that remain in circulation for only about 24 hours before entering peripheral tissues to become tissue macrophages. A) Neutrophils B) Eosinophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes E) Monocytes

E) Monocytes

A sample of tissue from an injury shows a large number of eosinophils. This would indicate that the tissue was A) abscessed. B) inflamed. C) being rejected. D) infected by viruses. E) infected by parasites.

E) infected by parasites.

Which of the following is an agranulocyte? A) erythrocyte B) basophil C) neutrophil D) eosinophil E) monocyte

E) monocyte

The white blood cells that are important in leaving the blood vessels and phagocytizing large materials, releasing chemicals that draw fibroblasts to the injured areas, are A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.

E) monocytes.

During fibrinolysis, which enzyme begins digesting the fibrin strands, breaking down the clot? A) Factor X B) clotting Factor VII C) thrombin D) fibrinogen E) plasmin

E) plasmin

The most abundant type of WBC in a normal blood sample is the ________. A) basophil B) neutrophil C) lymphocyte D) eosinophil E) monocyte

B) neutrophil

Blood is approximately ________ percent plasma by volume. A) 46-63 B) 37-54 C) 12-33 D) 25-39 E) 99.9

A) 46-63

During red blood cell development, what is the term given to the first anucleate cell? A) reticulocyte B) erythrocyte C) myeloid stem cell D) hemocytoblast E) proerythroblast

A) reticulocyte

After 24 hours in circulation, the ________ complete their maturation and become indistinguishable from other mature RBCs. A) reticulocytes B) myelocytes C) erythroblasts D) hemocytoblasts E) monocytes

A) reticulocytes

In blood smear preparations, blood is collected from which type of vessel? A) veins B) peripheral capillaries C) arteries D) lymphatic ducts E) venules

B) peripheral capillaries

Red blood cell production is stimulated directly by A) intrinsic factor. B) thyroxine. C) EPO. D) vitamin B12. E) GH.

C) EPO.

Plasma and interstitial fluid account for most of the volume of ________ in the body. A) serum B) lymphatic fluid C) whole blood D) extracellular fluid E) packed blood

D) extracellular fluid

The inherited condition resulting from the inadequate production of clotting factors is termed A) anemia. B) thalassemia. C) jaundice. D) hemophilia. E) leukopenia.

D) hemophilia.

When foreign cells attack the body, one would most likely expect to see increased numbers of A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) thrombocytes.

D) lymphocytes.

A person's blood type is determined by the A) size of the red blood cells. B) shape of the red blood cells. C) chemical character of the hemoglobin. D) presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane. E) number of specific molecules on the plasma membrane.

D) presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane.

The chief difference between plasma and serum involves the A) amount of water. B) quantity of electrolytes. C) quantity of organic wastes. D) presence/absence of clotting proteins. E) concentration of glucose.

D) presence/absence of clotting proteins.

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of prothrombin and other clotting factors? A) vitamin A B) vitamin B C) vitamin C D) vitamin K E) vitamin E

D) vitamin K

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A serum and anti-Rh serum, but not with the anti-B serum. This means A) Bill could receive type B blood in a transfusion. B) Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood. C) Bill is Rh-negative. D) Bill's plasma would cross-react with type O negative red blood cells. E) Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies.

E) Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies.

In the process of hemoglobin recycling, each heme molecule is stripped of its iron and converted to which pigmented organic compound? A) urobilin B) bilirubin C) stercobilin D) transferrin E) biliverdin

E) biliverdin

The primary function of white blood cells is to A) remove carbon dioxide from active cells. B) clump together and stick to the blood vessel walls. C) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells. D) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. E) help defend the body against infectious organisms.

E) help defend the body against infectious organisms.

How long do platelets circulate before being removed by phagocytes? A) 9-12 days B) 6-18 hours C) 2-3 days D) 4-8 weeks E) 1-2 months

A) 9-12 days

________ are the most abundant cell population of the formed elements of blood. A) Erythrocytes B) Platelets C) Neutrophils D) Lymphocytes E) Monocytes

A) Erythrocytes

The function of hemoglobin is to A) bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. B) protect the body against infectious agents. C) aid in the process of blood clotting. D) carry nutrients from the intestine to the body's cells. E) absorb and neutralize the acids generated by active tissues.

A) bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

When large numbers of RBCs break down in the circulation, the urine can turn reddish or brown in a condition called ________. A) thalassemia B) hemoglobinuria C) anemia D) leucopenia E) septicemia

B) hemoglobinuria

The average life span of a red blood cell is about A) 1 week. B) 1 month. C) 4 months. D) 6 months. E) 1 year.

C) 4 months.

Playing a critical role in RBC formation, a woman's iron reserve is ________ percent of a typical man's iron reserve. A) 85 B) 60 C) 50 D) 35 E) 10

C) 50

As repairs proceed, a blood clot gradually dissolves in a process that begins with the activation of ________. A) Factor X B) thrombin C) fibrinogen D) prothrombin E) plasminogen

E) plasminogen

The process of blood clotting is an example of which function of blood? A) stabilizing body temperature B) transporting dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastes C) defending against toxins and pathogens D) regulating the pH and ion composition of interstitial fluids throughout the body E) restricting fluid losses at injury sites

E) restricting fluid losses at injury sites

The common pathway of coagulation ends with A) the sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) the activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. C) the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. D) the activation of a clotting factor that converts prothrombin to thrombin. E) the activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

E) the activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

Plasma proteins that are necessary for blood to maintain osmotic pressure are A) albumins. B) fibrinogens. C) globulins. D) fibrin. E) platelets.

A) albumins.

During the recycling of hemoglobin, what is the breakdown product of the globular proteins of each hemoglobin molecule? A) amino acids B) stercobilins C) bilirubin D) transferrin E) urobilins

A) amino acids

Erythropoietin is most likely released under which of the following conditions? A) during anemia B) when the respiratory surfaces of the lungs are optimally enhanced C) when the carbon dioxide content of air in the lungs declines D) during erythrocytosis E) when blood flow to the thymus declines

A) during anemia

Red blood cells result from the divisions of ________, which are multipotent stem cells. A) hemocytoblasts B) lymphoblasts C) monoblasts D) myeloblasts E) progenitor cells

A) hemocytoblasts

EPO is released when A) oxygen levels in the blood increase. B) oxygen levels in the blood decrease. C) carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase. D) carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease. E) protein levels in the blood increase.

B) oxygen levels in the blood decrease.

Drifting blood clots, air bubbles, or fat globules are called ________. A) thrombi B) plaques C) clotting factors D) emboli E) hemostatic elements

D) emboli

Which of the following begins with the activation of plasminogen? A) thrombosis B) fibrinolysis C) agglutination D) intrinsic coagulation pathway E) extrinsic coagulation pathway

B) fibrinolysis

For erythropoiesis to proceed normally, protein synthesis requires adequate supplies of factors, such as vitamin B12, which is absorbed from the diet in the presence of which of the following? A) thyroxine B) intrinsic factor C) Factor X D) platelet factor E) EPO

B) intrinsic factor

Excess transferrins are removed in the ________, where the iron extracted from heme molecules is stored in special protein-iron complexes. A) liver and thymus B) liver and spleen C) thymus and bone marrow D) spleen and bone marrow E) thymus and spleen

B) liver and spleen

A blood clot attached to the wall of a vessel is called a(n) A) embolus. B) thrombus. C) plaque. D) coagulant. E) platelet plug.

B) thrombus.

________ is the characteristic of WBCs that allow them to enter surrounding tissue by squeezing between adjacent epithelial cells in the capillary wall. A) Hemotaxis B) Positive chemotaxis C) Hemolysis D) Diapedesis E) Amoeboid movement

D) Diapedesis

Neutrophils A) are agranulocytes. B) are not phagocytic. C) have multiple nuclei. D) are active in fighting bacterial infection. E) are responsible for specific defenses.

D) are active in fighting bacterial infection.

Agglutinogens of the various blood types are examples of A) surface antibodies. B) channel proteins. C) leukocytes. D) surface antigens. E) agranulocytes.

D) surface antigens.

Without mitochondria, RBCs are relatively inefficient in terms of energy use, but advantageous to RBC function. Why? A) It ensures that its iron component will interact with the plasma protein, transferrin. B) It stimulates the conversion of yellow bone marrow to red bone marrow. C) It stimulates the absorption of vitamin B12. D) It ensures that its iron component is converted to bilirubin. E) It ensures that any oxygen the RBCs absorb will be delivered to peripheral tissues.

E) It ensures that any oxygen the RBCs absorb will be delivered to peripheral tissues.

Pus associated with infected wounds contain which type of white blood cell? A) basophils B) lymphocytes C) eosinophils D) monocytes E) neutrophils

E) neutrophils

A toxin that blocks the stomach's ability to release intrinsic factor would most likely cause A) hemophilia. B) an embolism. C) leukopenia. D) iron deficiency anemia. E) pernicious anemia.

E) pernicious anemia.

Calcium ions and ________ have an effect on nearly every aspect of the clotting process. A) vitamin K B) vitamin A C) vitamin D D) vitamin E E) thiamin

A) vitamin K

A normal WBC count is about ________ cells per liter. A) 1500-4000 B) 1800-7300 C) 6000-9000 D) 150,000-500,000 E) 4.4 million-6 million.

C) 6000-9000

Fresh whole blood is usually collected through a procedure called A) acupuncture. B) transfusion. C) venipuncture. D) arterial puncture. E) hematocrit.

C) venipuncture.

Match the formed element in the first column with its characteristic in the second column. _____ 1. RBC _____ 2. WBC _____ 3. platelet A. anucleated and biconcave B. anucleated and a cell fragment C. nucleated and spheroid

1-A, 2-C, 3-B

Thrombocytopenia is defined as a deficiency of A) antibodies. B) erythrocytes. C) platelets. D) eosinophils. E) neutrophils.

C) platelets.

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced. A) Erythropoiesis B) Lymphopoiesis C) Anemia D) Leukopenia E) Leukemia

C) Anemia

The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways join at the common pathway through the activation of which clotting substance produced by the liver? A) albumin B) fibrinogen C) Factor X D) calcium E) vitamin K

C) Factor X

Which cell population of WBCs migrate to sites of injury and cross the capillary wall to accumulate within damaged tissues, where they discharge their granules into the interstitial fluids? A) monocytes B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) neutrophils

C) basophils

The least numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.

C) basophils.

During their formation, RBCs A) flatten. B) multiply their mitochondria. C) eject their nucleus and most of their organelles. D) are saturated with oxygen. E) recycle hemoglobin.

C) eject their nucleus and most of their organelles.

The percentage of whole blood volume occupied by cellular elements is termed (the) ________. A) normovolemic B) reticulocyte count C) hematocrit D) hemoglobin concentration E) differential count

C) hematocrit

Which organ, a primary source of plasma proteins, synthesizes more than 90 percent of such proteins? A) kidneys B) spleen C) liver D) bone marrow E) thymus

C) liver

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in RBC maturation? A) stem cell, erythroblast stage, proerythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC B) hemocytoblast, myeloblast, reticulocyte, megakaryocyte, RBC C) myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC D) monoblast, promonocyte, myelocyte, band cell, RBC E) lymphoblast, proerythroblast, reticulocyte, band cell, RBC

C) myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC