Chapter 11 Geller
who was responsible for cognitive therapy?
Aaron T. Beck
who was known for cognitive behavioral therapy?
Albert Ellis
what does basic id stand for?
Behavior Attitude Sensation Imagery Cognition Interpersonal Drugs
psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences—and the analyst's interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
The therapeutic alliance refers to A. the transference of feelings from earlier relationships to client-therapist interactions B. a form of therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals C. a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and a client D. a program developed by the American Psychological Association to advance evidence-based practice.
C
Albert Ellis approach
What you are thinking is "effing wrong"
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
therapeutic alliance
a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem
unconditional positive regard
a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance; I will give you positive regard, so you can reflect
virtual reality exposure therapy
a counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic stimulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking; person shows a conditioned response
client-centered therapy
a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within an accepting, genuine, empathetic environment to facilitate clients' growth
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
lobotomy
a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
systematic desensitization
a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias
aversive conditioning
associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
the complexity of people requires a variety of therapeutic approaches: what is the acronym?
basic id
counterconditioning is a part of what type of therapy?
behavior therapy
counterconditioning
behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning
exposure therapy
behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imaginary or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid; over and over we will get extinction
antipsychotic drugs, antianxiety drugs, antidepressant drugs, and mood stablilizing drugs
biomedical therapy
Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of
client-centered therapy
Paraphrase, clarify, reflect: no interpretation... what therapy does this refer to?
client-centered therapy
non directive therapy and unconditional positive regard... what therapy does this refer to?
client-centered therapy
Training people to actively dispute their own self-defeating ideas best illustrates
cognitive therapy
Benny's mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving her three-year-old his favorite candy as soon as she boards the boat. The mother's strategy best illustrates
counterconditioning
active listening
empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Roger's client centered therapy.
Systematic desensitization, implosive therapy, and virtual reality therapy are all examples of _____
exposure therapies
A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates
exposure therapy
implosive therapy
exposure therapy; I want you to experience the conditioned stimulus and show me you are afraid; now there is no UCS
_____ will not happen unless the person gives a conditioned response
extinction
A psychotherapist instructs Dane to relax, close his eyes, and state aloud whatever thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique known as
free association
Which of the following approaches to therapy would most likely involve efforts to understand an adult's psychological disorder by exploring that person's childhood experiences?
psychoanalysis
free association, dream interpretation, resistance, transference, catharsis, and the past deal with what?
psychoanalysis
unconscious conflicts: id ego and superego, deal with what?
psychoanalysis
erroneous thinking
selective abstraction, overgeneralization (I failed that test so I will fail them all), arbitrary interference, magnification/minimization (making problems bigger or smaller), personalization (it's my fault), absolutistic thinking
Mary Cover Jones, 1924
set the stage for systematic desensitization, worked for "little Peter" and he was afraid of rabbits; you cannot be relaxed/happy and fearful at the same time. They brought the rabbit closer and closer to him on successive days while he was eating ice cream.
social skills training
shaping, rewards, role playing (how to we perceive behavior), assertiveness; teaching people social skills so they can interact more effectively
self-help groups
such as Alcoholics Anonymous; mutual support
To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique best illustrates
systematic desensitization
the person being afraid of the cat example of what?
systematic desensitization
free association
tell me what is coming to your mind
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
Empathetic, trusting, and hopeful therapists; researchers say this is critical
therapeutic alliance
group therapy
therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction; interpersonal support and feedback
behavior therapy
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors and increase desirable behaviors
cognitive therapy
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
family therapy
therapy that treats people in the context of their family system. View's an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members
In a home for troubled youth, adolescents receive large colored buttons when they hang up their clothes, make their beds, and come to meals on time. The adolescents return the buttons to staff members to receive bedtime snacks or watch TV. This best illustrates
token economy
psychotherapy
treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
past (dealing with psychoanalysis)
what happened when you were a child/ first 6 years of your life?
Justification
you pay money for therapy, I want to justify that I am making my money's worth
steps of systematic desensitization
Individual constructs hierarchy of anxiety-inducing scenes or events individual learns to induce muscle relaxation individual relaxes while imagining each scene or event; they become signals for positive feelings these scenes or events no longer induce anxiety
nondirective therapy
I ask more questions, I want to know where you are coming from. I saw room for improvement, where is this? reflection, present focus
When two-year-old Matthew was told he would not get dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his
Id
who is responsible for counterconditioning?
Mary Cover Jones
clinicians evaluating psychotherapies
how do we find out from clinicians which one is best? (confirmation bias)
catharsis
if you let it out and talk about it, it will help you; catharsis can make grieving better but anger worse
interpretation
in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting of supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
resistance
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
transference
in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
Aaron T. Beck wanted to reveal _____ thinking, promote _____ thinking
irrational, positive
placebo effect
is therapy really better than nothing?
who dealt with present to deal with grief, conflict, distress, and lack of social skills?
neo Freudians
token economies and premack principle are examples of what?
operant conditioning
biomedical therapy
prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system
