Chapter 11 Human Body Systems

89) What carries a signal from one neuron to the next? A) A neurotransmitter B) A hormone C) A dendrite D) An axon

A) A neurotransmitter

37) The term interface can be used to describe the surface across which molecules and ions are exchanged, often diffusing between external and internal environments or between organ systems. What part of the respiratory system forms the interface between the respiratory system and the circulatory system? A) Alveoli B) Trachea C) Pharynx D) Bronchioles

A) Alveoli

16) Which of the following statements about digestion is true? A) Digestion occurs only in the stomach. B) Digestion can be both mechanical and chemical, and it occurs both in the mouth and in the stomach. C) Mechanical digestion occurs only in the stomach; chemical digestion occurs only in the mouth. D) Digestion is the same thing as ingestion.

B) Digestion can be both mechanical and chemical, and it occurs both in the mouth and in the stomach.

79) Where does the ovule meet the sperm that fertilizes it? A) In the ovary B) In the oviduct C) In the uterus D) In the vagina

B) In the oviduct

56) What is the name of the response to an injury in which fluids leak from dilated blood vessels, causing redness and swelling? A) Innate response B) Inflammatory response C) Clonal selection response D) Lymphatic response

B) Inflammatory response

39) The respiratory system exchanges which gases? A) Carbon dioxide is inhaled, while oxygen is exhaled. B) Oxygen is inhaled, while carbon dioxide is exhaled. C) Both oxygen and carbon dioxide are inhaled, and only carbon dioxide is exhaled. D) Oxygen is inhaled and exhaled, the gas exchange does not include carbon dioxide

B) Oxygen is inhaled, while carbon dioxide is exhaled.

24) What moves the food from your mouth to your stomach when you swallow? A) Gravity B) Peristaltic muscle contractions C) Enzymes excreted by the salivary glands D) Pressure difference between zones of the esophagus

B) Peristaltic muscle contractions

27) What is chemical digestion? A) The absorption of food in the small intestine B) The breakdown of food by enzymes C) The use of physical actions to break down food D) The use of villi to break down food

B) The breakdown of food by enzymes

42) Choose the defining characteristic of all arteries. A) They only carry blood back to the heart. B) They only carry blood away from the heart. C) They only carry deoxygenated blood. D) They only carry oxygenated blood.

B) They only carry blood away from the heart.

71) What is the purpose of dialysis treatments? A) To constrict blood vessels to prevent death from dehydration B) To detoxify dangerous chemicals in the bloodstream C) To replenish oxygen in the bloodstream D) To keep the airways open so one can breathe

B) To detoxify dangerous chemicals in the bloodstream

70) What is the main role of kidneys? A) To secrete enzymes that help in digestion B) To filter blood and remove toxins from it C) To replenish oxygen in the bloodstream D) To secrete hormones that help in osmoregulation

B) To filter blood and remove toxins from it

30) What is the difference between vitamins and minerals? A) Vitamins are inorganic nutrients, while minerals are organic nutrients. B) Vitamins are organic nutrients, while minerals are inorganic nutrients. C) Vitamins cannot be made by our bodies, while minerals can. D) There are no main difference between vitamins and minerals.

B) Vitamins are organic nutrients, while minerals are inorganic nutrients.

87) What would happen if the sensory neurons in your hand could not transmit a signal? A) You could feel something touch your fingers but you could not move them. B) You could move your fingers but you could not feel something touch them. C) You could not move your fingers or feel something touching them. D) You could still feel something touching your fingers and still be able to move them.

B) You could move your fingers but you could not feel something touch them.

21) The main role of the large intestine is to ________. A) absorb nutrients B) absorb water C) produce bile, which helps the process of digestion D) break large food into smaller food bits

B) absorb water

44) The systemic circuit specifically circulates blood ________. A) from the heart to the lungs B) from the heart to the rest of the body C) from the heart to the brain D) from the heart to the liver

B) from the heart to the rest of the body

76) The urethra ________. A) adds fluids to semen B) is a tube that conveys both urine and semen C) is a structure where semen is stored D) is where sperms are produced

B) is a tube that conveys both urine and semen

6) Tissues are made up of ________ that work together to perform a function. A) organs B) similar cells C) different cells D) organ systems

B) similar cells

20) Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the ________. A) esophagus B) small intestine C) stomach D) large intestine

B) small intestine

18) The alimentary canal is ________. A) the esophagus B) the series of digestive organs C) the small and large intestines D) the accessory organs

B) the series of digestive organs

54) A person with carbohydrates A and B on the surface of their red blood cells will have which of the following blood types? A) Blood type A, as A is dominant over B B) Blood type B, as B is dominant over A C) Blood type AB, as both A and B are present D) Blood type O, as A and B cancel each other out

C) Blood type AB, as both A and B are present

26) Digestion is ________. A) Only mechanical B) Only chemical C) Both mechanical and chemical D) Neither mechanical nor chemical

C) Both mechanical and chemical

50) Select the feature which is involved in the clotting process. A) Platelets B) Fibrin C) Both platelets and fibrin D) Neither platelets nor fibrin are involved in the clotting process

C) Both platelets and fibrin

15) How is diabetes linked with homeostasis? A) Diabetes results from the body having a positive-feedback response to the level of glucose in the blood. B) Diabetes results from the body responding too strongly to the level of glucose in the blood. C) Diabetes results from the body not responding with a negative feedback to the level of glucose in the blood. D) Diabetes is not linked with homeostasis.

C) Diabetes results from the body not responding with a negative feedback to the level of glucose in the blood.

19) Where are the villi located? A) In the stomach B) In the large intestine C) In the small intestine D) In the esophagus

C) In the small intestine

9) Match the correct structure with its correct tissue. A) Cartilage is a type of epithelial tissue. B) Muscle fibers are a part of connective tissue. C) Neurons make up the nervous tissue. D) Blood make up epithelial tissue.

C) Neurons make up the nervous tissue.

5) What is the correct hierarchy of organization, from biggest to smallest, in your body? A) Organism, organ, organ system, tissue, cell B) Organism, tissue, organ system, organ, cell C) Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell D) Organism, tissue, organ, organ system, cell

C) Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell

31) Which of the following statements is correct? A) Our body can make all 20 amino acids needed. B) Our body cannot make any of the 20 amino acids and needs proper nutrition to acquire them. C) Our body can make a subset of the 20 amino acids, and needs proper nutrition to acquire the ones it cannot make. D) Our body does not require any amino acids to function properly.

C) Our body can make a subset of the 20 amino acids, and needs proper nutrition to acquire the ones it cannot make.

38) What is the role of the epiglottis? A) Produces vocal sounds B) Filters dust and other impurities from entering the respiratory system C) Prevents food from entering the windpipe D) Produces the positive or negative pressures that force air into or out of the lungs

C) Prevents food from entering the windpipe

86) Which brain structure is the largest and most complex? A) The hypothalamus B) The thalamus C) The cerebellum D) The cerebrum

C) The cerebellum

88) What is an action potential? A) The potential that your body has to complete a movement B) The movement of hormones in your body C) The electric signal used by neurons to transfer information D) The collection of dendrites that make up a neuron

C) The electric signal used by neurons to transfer information

49) What happens during diastole? A) The heart muscles contract, moving blood to ventricules. B) The heart muscles contract, moving blood to atria. C) The heart muscles relax, allowing blood to flow into all chambers of the heart. D) The heart muscles pause, allowing both atria to empty.

C) The heart muscles relax, allowing blood to flow into all chambers of the heart.

64) There are many organs and glands of the endocrine system, but which one is the master controller? A) The pituitary B) The thyroid C) The hypothalamus D) The pancreas

C) The hypothalamus

60) Identify the primary role of the lymphatic system. A) To distribute hormones around the body B) To deliver oxygen to the deep muscle cells C) To produce and store large numbers of white blood cells D) To filter out cellular wastes from the blood

C) To produce and store large numbers of white blood cells

10) Organs are made up of ________ type(s) of tissue. A) One B) Two C) Two or more D) At least five

C) Two or more

51) Which of the following blood cells fights infections? A) Red blood cells B) Platelets C) White blood cells D) Fibrin

C) White blood cells

59) What are lymphocytes? A) Red blood cells B) A specific type of antigen C) White blood cells D) Cells responsible for clotting

C) White blood cells

29) An essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body ________. A) requires to grow B) requires to function C) cannot make by itself D) cannot store

C) cannot make by itself

14) Maintaining a steady-state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ________. A) heterostasis B) biofeedback C) homeostasis D) bioregulation

C) homeostasis

73) The release of an egg from an ovary is called ________. A) oogenesis B) gametogenesis C) ovulation D) menstruation

C) ovulation

34) What causes a stomach ulcer? A) Lack of a key nutrient B) Consuming too many calories C) Chronic consumption of spicy food D) A bacterial infection

D) A bacterial infection

8) Epithelial tissues covers ________. A) the outer layer of skin B) the outer lining of intestines C) the outer lining of blood vessels D) All of the above are covered by epithelial tissues

D) All of the above are covered by epithelial tissues

45) The cardiovascular system consists of ________. A) The heart B) The blood vessels C) The blood D) All of the above are parts of the cardiovascular system

D) All of the above are parts of the cardiovascular system

74) Which of the following is a similarity between male and female reproductive systems? A) They both produce haploid gametes. B) They both store gametes. C) They both release gametes. D) All of the above are similarities between the two systems.

D) All of the above are similarities between the two systems.

32) Which of the following is a type of essential nutrient? A) Minerals B) Organic vitamins C) Essential amino acids D) All of the above are types of essential nutrients.

D) All of the above are types of essential nutrients.

57) Which type of white blood cells produces defensive proteins called antibodies? A) Phagocytic cells B) T cells C) Natural killer cells D) B cells

D) B cells

25) What are the four stages of food processing, ordered from beginning to end? A) Ingestion, digestion, elimination, absorption B) Digestion, ingestion, absorption, elimination C) Digestion, absorption, ingestion, elimination D) Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

D) Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

7) Connective tissue is the most variable of the tissue types. Which one of the following is not categorized as connective tissue? A) Bone B) Blood C) Fat D) Muscle

D) Muscle

55) Which carbohydrates are present on the surface of the red blood cells of a person with blood type O? A) Carbohydrates A B) Carbohydrates B C) Carbohydrates O D) No carbohydrates are present on the surface of the red blood cells

D) No carbohydrates are present on the surface of the red blood cells

1) ________ refers to the function of a body part, while ________ refers to the structure of a body part. A) Anatomy; physiology B) Biology; zoology C) Zoology; biology D) Physiology; anatomy

D) Physiology; anatomy

23) Which accessory organ's secretions neutralize stomach acid before it reaches the intestines? A) The salivary glands B) The gallbladder C) The liver D) The pancreas

D) The pancreas

36) How does a gastric bypass lead to patient losing weight? A) Gastric fluids are being added to the stomach to improve digestion. B) The large intestine is bypassed by the surgery so no absorption happens. C) The small intestine is bypassed by the surgery so no absorption happens. D) The stomach is reduced in size so patients eat less.

D) The stomach is reduced in size so patients eat less.

68) What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder? A) Fallopian tubes B) Urethras C) Nephrons D) Ureters

D) Ureters

53) Blood types A, B, AB, and O are determined by ________. A) the capacity of the blood to respond to infections B) the capacity of the blood to respond to transfusions C) carbohydrates on the surface of the white blood cells D) carbohydrates on the surface of the red blood cells

D) carbohydrates on the surface of the red blood cells

83) The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system. A) somatic B) peripheral C) autonomic D) central

D) central

12) Response to a stimulus, such that the effect of the stimulus is counteracted, is called a ________ feedback. A) positive B) complex C) complementary D) negative

D) negative

2) Form refers to ________, and function refers to ________. A) anatomical structure; physiological actions B) anatomical structure; environmental actions C) physiological actions; anatomical structure D) physiological actions; environmental actions

A) anatomical structure; physiological actions

40) The pulmonary circuit specifically circulates blood ________. A) from the heart to the lungs B) from the heart to the rest of the body C) from the heart to the brain D) from the heart to the liver

A) from the heart to the lungs

77) In spermatogenesis, ________. A) haploid sperms are produced B) diploid sperms are produced C) both sperms and ovules are produced D) diploid gametes are produced

A) haploid sperms are produced

82) Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a ________. A) virus B) bacteria C) fungus D) protist

A) virus

62) What is the condition called when your body's immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless foreign particle? A) Arthritis B) Allergy C) Diabetes D) AIDS

B) Allergy

41) Which are the thinnest blood vessels? A) Bronchioles B) Capillaries C) Arterioles D) Venules

B) Capillaries

58) What is the main role of T cells in the immune response? A) To secrete antibodies B) To stimulate the production of immune cells C) To recognize sites of infection D) To trigger clonal selection

B) To stimulate the production of immune cells

65) The way the pancreas regulates glucose levels in the blood stream follows ________. A) a positive feedback mechanism B) a negative feedback mechanism C) instructions from the brain D) The pancreas is not involved in regulating glucose levels in the blood.

B) a negative feedback mechanism

4) Which of the following is an organ system? A) The heart B) Epithelial tissue C) Circulatory system D) Blood vessels

C) Circulatory system

28) What is mechanical digestion? A) The absorption of food in the small intestine B) The breakdown of food by enzymes C) The use of physical actions to break down food D) The use of villi to break down food

C) The use of physical actions to break down food

67) What are hormones? A) They are carbohydrates on the surface of red blood cells that affect targeted cells throughout the body. B) They are chemicals transported in the blood that affect all cells similarly. C) They are chemicals transported in the blood that affect target cells throughout the body. D) They are chemicals that affect cells right next to where they are produced.

C) They are chemicals transported in the blood that affect target cells throughout the body.

84) What is the main role of the peripheral nervous system? A) To transport hormones B) To receive information C) To convey information to and from the central nervous system D) To serve as a back up to the central nervous system

C) To convey information to and from the central nervous system

22) The main role of the liver is to ________. A) absorb nutrients B) absorb water C) produce bile, which helps the process of digestion D) break large food into smaller food bits

C) produce bile, which helps the process of digestion

63) What type of disorder is AIDS? A) An autoimmune disease B) An allergic reaction C) An immune rejection D) An immunodeficiency

D) An immunodeficiency

69) The urinary system ________. A) produces and excretes urine B) maintains water balance in the body C) filters toxins out of the bloodstreams D) all of the above are roles of the urinary system

D) all of the above are roles of the urinary system

43) Veins carry ________. A) blood low in oxygen B) blood high in oxygen C) blood high in carbon dioxide D) blood low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide

D) blood low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide

3) Organs are made up of ________ to perform a specific function. A) different types of cells B) different types of tissues C) the one type of cells D) one type of tissues

v\B) different types of tissues

52) What is the main role of red blood cells? A) Carry sugars B) Carry oxygen C) Fight off infections D) Aid blood in clotting

B) Carry oxygen

46) Select the correct sequence for the pathway of blood through the heart. A) Body → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Lungs → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Body B) Body → Left ventricle → Left atrium → Lungs → Right ventricle → Right atrium → Body C) Body → Right ventricle → Right atrium → Lungs → Left ventricle → Left atrium → Body D) Body → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Body

A) Body → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Lungs → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Body

11) What is the role of the epithelium? A) Helps protect the body from the external environment B) Transmits electrical signals throughout the body C) Contracts to create body movement D) Provides the padding between the joints

A) Helps protect the body from the external environment

75) What are gonads? A) Organs that produce gametes B) Structures that protect the embryo C) Tubes that allow sperms and ovules to move D) The sites where ovule and sperm meet during reproduction

A) Organs that produce gametes

13) Which of the following describe the integumentary system? A) Skin, nails, hair B) Heart and blood vessels C) Smooth and skeletal muscles D) Stomach, liver, intestines

A) Skin, nails, hair

85) Which brain structure controls the secretion of hormones in the rest of the body? A) The hypothalamus B) The thalamus C) The cerebellum D) The brainstem

A) The hypothalamus

72) What is the part of the kidney where urine is formed? A) The nephron B) The ureter C) The liver D) The blood vessels

A) The nephron

17) What is the role of the villi? A) To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract B) To move food along the digestive tract C) To secrete digestive enzymes into the digestive tract D) To secrete water into the digestive tract

A) To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract

48) What is the primary function of the sinoatrial node? A) To initiate the contraction of the heart B) To increase or decrease blood pressure C) To open and close the heart valves D) To supply the heart muscle with oxygen

A) To initiate the contraction of the heart

61) Which medication prevents viral infections by priming the immune system against a specific virus? A) Vaccines B) Antibiotics C) Diuretics D) Anti-inflammatory medication

A) Vaccines

47) Which of the following correctly explains what a heart attack is? A) Arteries that supply the brain with oxygen become blocked. B) Arteries that supply the heart with oxygen become blocked. C) Veins that supply the brain with oxygen become blocked. D) Veins that supply the heart with oxygen become blocked.

B) Arteries that supply the heart with oxygen become blocked.