Chapter 11 - Interior Construction
20, 45, 90
Solid-core doors are available with fire ratings of __minutes, ___ minutes, or ___ minutes.
Wood furring strips 1" x 2"
Sometimes used instead of hat-shaped furring channels, _____ come in nominal sizes of ____.
1" thick 2'0"
Special ___ thick core board used for shaft enclosures is manufactured in ___ widths.
6'8" 7'0"
Standard wood door heights
2'0" 2'4" 2'6" 2'8" 3'0"
Standard wood door widths
1 5/8" 2 1/2" 3 5/8" 4" 6"
Steel studs come in 5 standard depths:
Plaster
made from gypsum, lime, water, and aggregates of sand, vermiculite, or perlite.
Hollow-core doors
made of one or three plies of veneer on each side of a cellular interior. The frame is made of solid wood with larger blocks of solid wood where the latching hardware is located. Used where only light use is expected and cost is a consideration.
Flush wood doors
made of thin, flat veneers laminated to various types of cores. Either hollow core or solid core
Solid-core doors
made with a variety of core types depending on the functional requirements of the door. Cores may be particleboard, stave core, or mineral core for fire-rated doors
Glass block
manufactured as a hollow unit with a clear, textured, or patterned face. Popular choice for interior use when a combination of light transmission, privacy and security is required.
Partition
most common construction element for both residential and commercial interior design
1. the door 2. the frame 3. the hardware
3 major components of a door system
U Bead
Edge trim in wchih the edge of the metal is noticeable. It is sometimes called J metal by contractors. It does not require finishing with joint compound.
L Bead
Edge trim without a back flange; good for installation after the wallboard has been installed. Requires finishing with joint compound
5/8" thick, 1/2" thick
For most commercial work, ___ thick wallboard is used. For most residential work ___ is used, in addition to commercial furred walls.
4" 6x6, 8,8 12x12, 4 x8
Glass block is manufactured in a nominal thickness of ___ and in face sizes of ____.
1/4", 5/8"
Gypsum thicknesses range from ___ to ____ .
4'0" wide, 8', 10', 12', 14'
Gypsum wallboard is commonly available in ___ wide sheets in lengths of ___, ___, ___, and ___.
1 3/8" thick 1 3/4" thick
Hollow-core doors are ___ thick solid-core doors are ___ thick.
mastic
How is gypsum applied to smooth, dry concrete or masonry walls, or to a base layer of wallboard?
nailing or screwing
How is gypsum applied to wood or metal framing?
susspended ceiling slab-to-slab
In commercial work, the standard partition is only built up to the _____, while the _____ partition is used when a complete fire-rated barrier must be constructed or when sound control is needed.
4' 6" wide, joints, 9'0" high
One manufacturer makes a ____ wide product to reduce the number of ____ when finishing a ___ high ceiling with boards placed horizontally.
Type X, foil-backed, water resistant backing board predecorated
Other types of wallboard include: ____ for fire-rated partitions, ____ for vapor barriers, ____ for use behind tile and in other moist conditions ____ for two-layer applications, ____ with vinyl wallcovering already applied.
2x4 16" one layer 1/2"
Residential construction typically consists of ___ studs, ___ on center, covered with ___ of ___ wallboard on each side.
Fiberglass-reinforced gypsum (FRG) Glass-fiber-reinforced gypsum (GFRG)
Two alternate names for GRG
2" x 4", 2" x 6"
Two common stud framing members for residential construction.
16" x 48" horizontally 48" x 96"
Two sizes of gypsum board lath
Plaster
Used where curved shapes are required and where a hard, abrasion-resistant surface is needed.
1/2" 5/8"
Wallboard with ___ thickness is typically applied in residential construction, and wallboard with ___ thickness is typically applied in commercial construction.
tracks with spikes
What allows demountable partition runners to be placed directly over carpeting without crushing it?
- Reduces labor costs because it only requires one coat - still maintains advantages of plaster - hard, durable - can be finished with a wide variety of textures
What are the benefits of gypsum board lath instead of metal lath?
Wood doors
What is the most common type of door for both residential and commercial construction?
Hat-shaped furring channels
What is used for ceiling framing and to fur out from concrete or masonry walls if the walls are unevene or if additional depth is needed for electrical outlets or insulation?
Plaster
What must be used as a base for ceramic tile in areas subject to continual dampness, like showers or steam rooms
Wood panel doors
What t ype of door does not meet the required fire-resistance rating?
when appearance is not a factor; base layers of two-layer applications veneer plaster work
When are square-edge panels used?
slip joint
When partitions extend to the structure above in commerical buildings, the head of the partition needs to be designed with a ___ to prevent the wall from being damaged if the structural floor above deflects
1/4"
____ thick wallboard is used for forming curved surfaces and providing new finishes over old wall and ceiling surfaces.
3/8"
____ thick wallboard is used in some double-layer applications or when wallboard is applied over other finished walls in remodeling work.
Double Layer
_____ applications are used when additional fire resistance is required for extra acoustical control between rooms.
Keene's cement
a plaster that has a high resistance to abrasion and water penetration. Used in wet areas or on wall subject to scratching or other abuse
Demountable partitions
a system of individual components that can be quickly assembled, disassembled, and reused with nearly total salvageability.
metal lath
attached to wood or metal studs and serves as a base for plaster. available in expanded diamond mesh, paper, backed diamond mesh, flat-rib lath, and high-rib lath
synthetic gypsum
chemically identical to natural, mined gyp but is a bypropduct of various manufacturing, industrial, or chemical processes.
finish coat 1/8"
coat that provides final leveling and the desired texture to the surface. It is typically ___ thick
brown coat 1/4"
coat used to finish the level surface of the plaster. Typically ____ thick.
Interior Construction
consists of those building elements that are assemblies of several components
Progressive system
demountable partition system where the first panel must be placed before the second panel, so on.
swinging door
door attached to its frame with hinges or pivots. easy to install and can accommodate high traffic volume. The only type acceptable as a required exit door
Panel doors
doors contructed of solid pieces of wood that frame various types of panels.
Bypass sliding door
doors hung from a top track that are generally used for closets only.
Pocket sliding doors
doors hung on a top track that can be used where space is limited. Should only be used where traffic is limited.
Solid-core doors
doors used for their fire-resistive properties, as acoustical barriers, for secruity, and for their superior durability
LC Bead
edge trim requiring finishing with joint compound. It has a back flange, so it must be fitted over the edge of the wallboard before the wallboard is fastened to the substrate.
trim
edges of plaster must be finished with ____, which allows a termination point for the work and serves as a screed to give the plasters guides for maintaining the required thickness.
Stucco
exterior type of plaster made with portland cement
Plaster
finish material made from various types of cementing compounds, fine aggregate, and water. Applied over several kinds of base materials in one to three coats to form a smooth, level surface. Interior finish
scratch coat 1/4 - 1/2"
first layer of plaster that is applied to the metal lath and runs between and partially around the lath. Typically ____ thick.
Masonry
general term that includes brick, concrete block, glass block, structural clay tile, terra-cotta, and gypsum block.
1. floor runners 2. ceiling runners 3. stud sections with clips to hold panels 4. prefinished gypsum wallboard panesl
4 main components of demountable partitions
5/8" Type X 1-hour 2-hour
A slab-to-slab partition with a single layer of ____ wallboard on each side provides a ____ rating, which two layers on each side provides a ____ hour rating.
Operable partitions
Act as special doors to open and close a space frequently
Level 3
Additional two coats of joint compound are used and the surface is free of tool marks and ridges. Used where the surface will receive heavy or medium textured finish or where heavy grade wallcoverings are to be applied
- low installed cost - quick and easy installation - fire resistance - sound control capability - easy availability - versatility - ease of finishing and decorating - ease of installation of doors/openings
Advantages of gypsum wallboard
250 25'
Because glass block cannot be loadbearing, individual panels are limited to ___ square feet, or ___ in any dimension
expansion joints
Because of the coefficient of expansion of glass and the possibility of deflection ____ around the perimeter of glass block walls must be provided.
Type X
By adding additional layers of ___ wallboard, fire resistive ratings of 2,3, and 4 hours can be obtained.
metal lath board lath
two types of plaster construction
GRG
used for decorative elemtnts such as column covers, arches, coffered ceilings, ornate moldings, light troughs, and trim.
Glass
used to control passage and sound, but admits light and vision
Resilient Channels
used to improved the acoustical properties of a wall by isolating the wallboard from rigid attachment to the framing.
vermiculite and perlite
used when a lightweight, fire-resistant plaster is needed
2 1/2" or 3 5/8" 34"
Commercial construction typically uses ___ or ___ metal studs spaced ___ on center
4" 8" x 8" x 16" 7 5/8" x 15 5/8"
Concrete block is manufactured based on a nominal ___ module. One of the most common sizes is _____, which is actually ___ wide and high, and ____ long.
Nonprogressive system
Demountable partition system where panels are independent and can be removed or replaced individually
24 or 30" wide
Demountable partitions are typically ___ or ___ wide
1. height of the partition 2. gauge of the stud 3. number of layers of wallboard 4. spacing of the studs
Depth of the stud depends on what 4 things?
Bi-folding doors
Doors used for closets that allow full access
LK bead
Edge trim for use with various thicknesses of wallboard in a kerfed jamb (one with a small slot cut in). Requires finishing with a joint compound.
Level 0
Level of wallboard that requires no taping, finishing, or accessories.
Level 2
Level of wallboard where all joints and interior angles have tape embedded in joint compound, and one separate coat of compound applied over all joints, angles, fastener heads, and accessories. Used where water-resistant backing board is employed as a substrate for tile and in other areas where appearance is not critical.
Level 1
Level of wallboard where joints and interior angles have tape embedded in joint compound with the surface free of excess joint compound. Used for plenums above ceilings and other areas not open to view
light-gauge, floor and ceiling runners C-shaped channel
Metal framing cosists of ____ steel studs set in ______. Also known as a _____.
16" 24"
Metal studs are normally spaced ____ on center for residential, and ____ for commercial.
hinge jamb strike jamb
On a door, the side where the hinge or pivot is installed is known as the ___, and the jamb where the door closes is called the ___.
TRUE
T or F: Hollow-core doors have no fire-resistive capabilities.
tapered edges, square edges
The most common wallboard has ____ on the face side along the long dimension of the panel and ____ at the ends.
2 1/2"
The most commonly used size of stud is ___ which is sufficient for normal ceiling heights and slab-to-slab partitons, and allows enough room for electrical boxes and small pipes.
1. application 2. frame spacing 3. building code requirements
The thickness of gypsum used depends on what three things?
3/4", 2-hour, single layer
There is also a special ___ thick product that carriers a ___ fire rating. This allows the rated partition to be constructed with a ____ without resorting to a standard two-ply application.
Level 5
Thin skim coat of joint compound applied over the entire surface. Used where gloss, semigloss, enamel, or nontextured flat paints are specified or where sever lighting conditions exist.
Level 4
Three coats of joint compound are used. Used where light textures or wallcoverings will be applied or where economy is of concern. Gloss, semigloss, and enamel paints are not recommended over this level of finish.
1. gypsum wallboard 2. lath and plaster 3. masonry, gypsum wallboard
Three most frequently used materials for partitions are _____. The most common of which is _____.
flue-gas desulfurization
process whereby power-generating plants removed polluting gases from their stacks to reduce emission of harmful materials into the atmosphere. Main source of synthetic gypsum
Glass-reinforced gypsum (GRG)
refers to a broad class of products manufactured from high-strength, high-density gypsum reinforced with continuous-filament glass fibers or chopped glass fibers. Premanufactured made by pouring into molds. Can be finished with any kind of material that can be put on plaster or gypsum wallboard. Would otherwise be too expensive to achieve with site-fabricated lath and plaster
Finishes
single materials surface applied to another substrate
gypsum board lath plastering
special gypsum product specifically designed for plastering.
Nonloadbearing concrete block
specified for interior use to provide a strong, durable, fire-resistant partition. Typically in institutional applications