Chapter 11 - Intro to the human body
nervous system and the endocrine system
2 systems that work together to control body functions.
immovable and movable.
2 types of joints
compact bone
Beneath the membrane is a thick layer of ____________ _____________, which is hard and dense but not solid. It contains minerals that give bones strength.
Starting with cells, the levels of organization in an organism become more and more complex. A tissue is more complex than a cell, an organ is more complex than a tissue, an organ system is more complex than an organ, and us, as organisms, are the final and most complex level of organization.
FYI on Organ systems
(1) It provides shape and support (2) enables you to move (3) protects your organs (4) produces blood cells (5) stores minerals and other materials until your body needs them.
Five functions of the skeleton
Organ
Like a tissue, an ________ performs a specific job. The job of an ________ however, is usually more complex than that of a tissue.
System Interaction
Muscles and bones work together, making your body move. The nervous system tells your muscles when to act.
An adult skeleton is made up of about 206 bones of different shapes and sizes. A baby's skeleton has between 300 - 350 bones at birth, many of which fuse together.
Skeleton facts
homeostasis
The condition in which an organism's internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the outside environment
Tissue
The next largest unit of organization in your body is a _________. A _________ is a group of similar cells that perform the same function.
movable joints
These joints allow the body to make many different movements
nervous tissue
Tissue that directs and controls the process. Also carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body.
complex organisms
_________________ _______________ are made up of many cells in the same way that this school is made up of many rooms. The human body contains about 100 trillion tiny cells. Most cells can't be seen without a microscope.
joint
a place where two bones come together
Cartilage
a strong connective tissue that is more flexible than bone.
Organ
a structure that is made up of different kinds of tissue
skeletal muscles
attached to the bones of your skeleton and provide the force that moves your bones.
bone tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.
bones are made up of..... (3 things)
The (BASIC) levels of organization in the human body
cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
immovable joints
connect bones but allow little or no movement. The bones of the skull are held together by _________ ________.
Epithelial tissue
covers the surfaces of your body, inside and out. Some of this tissue, such as your skin, protects (covers) the delicate structures that lie beneath it. The lining of your digestive system consists of this tissue which allows you to digest and absorb the nutrients in your food.
nucleus
directs the cell's activities and holds information that controls a cell's function.
cell membrane
forms the outside border of a cell.
ligaments
holds movable joints together
skeleton
inner framework
organ system
is a group of organs that work together, carrying out major functions.
cytoplasm
made of a clear, jellylike substance that contains many cell structures.
osteoporosis
mineral loss can lead to ___________, a condition in which bones become weak and break easily
circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and excretory systems
systems that play key roles in moving materials in your body.
Cell
the basic unit of structure and function in a living thing.
muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue.
the four types of tissues
stress
the reaction of your body to possibly threatening, challenging, or uncomfortable events.
muscle tissue
tissue that can contract or shorten. By doing so, muscle tissue makes parts of your body move.
connective tissue
tissue that provides support for your body and connects all its parts. Bone tissue and fat tissue are examples of this tissue.
