Chapter 11 - Intro to the human body

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nervous system and the endocrine system

2 systems that work together to control body functions.

immovable and movable.

2 types of joints

compact bone

Beneath the membrane is a thick layer of ____________ _____________, which is hard and dense but not solid. It contains minerals that give bones strength.

Starting with cells, the levels of organization in an organism become more and more complex. A tissue is more complex than a cell, an organ is more complex than a tissue, an organ system is more complex than an organ, and us, as organisms, are the final and most complex level of organization.

FYI on Organ systems

(1) It provides shape and support (2) enables you to move (3) protects your organs (4) produces blood cells (5) stores minerals and other materials until your body needs them.

Five functions of the skeleton

Organ

Like a tissue, an ________ performs a specific job. The job of an ________ however, is usually more complex than that of a tissue.

System Interaction

Muscles and bones work together, making your body move. The nervous system tells your muscles when to act.

An adult skeleton is made up of about 206 bones of different shapes and sizes. A baby's skeleton has between 300 - 350 bones at birth, many of which fuse together.

Skeleton facts

homeostasis

The condition in which an organism's internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the outside environment

Tissue

The next largest unit of organization in your body is a _________. A _________ is a group of similar cells that perform the same function.

movable joints

These joints allow the body to make many different movements

nervous tissue

Tissue that directs and controls the process. Also carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body.

complex organisms

_________________ _______________ are made up of many cells in the same way that this school is made up of many rooms. The human body contains about 100 trillion tiny cells. Most cells can't be seen without a microscope.

joint

a place where two bones come together

Cartilage

a strong connective tissue that is more flexible than bone.

Organ

a structure that is made up of different kinds of tissue

skeletal muscles

attached to the bones of your skeleton and provide the force that moves your bones.

bone tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.

bones are made up of..... (3 things)

The (BASIC) levels of organization in the human body

cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems

immovable joints

connect bones but allow little or no movement. The bones of the skull are held together by _________ ________.

Epithelial tissue

covers the surfaces of your body, inside and out. Some of this tissue, such as your skin, protects (covers) the delicate structures that lie beneath it. The lining of your digestive system consists of this tissue which allows you to digest and absorb the nutrients in your food.

nucleus

directs the cell's activities and holds information that controls a cell's function.

cell membrane

forms the outside border of a cell.

ligaments

holds movable joints together

skeleton

inner framework

organ system

is a group of organs that work together, carrying out major functions.

cytoplasm

made of a clear, jellylike substance that contains many cell structures.

osteoporosis

mineral loss can lead to ___________, a condition in which bones become weak and break easily

circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and excretory systems

systems that play key roles in moving materials in your body.

Cell

the basic unit of structure and function in a living thing.

muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue.

the four types of tissues

stress

the reaction of your body to possibly threatening, challenging, or uncomfortable events.

muscle tissue

tissue that can contract or shorten. By doing so, muscle tissue makes parts of your body move.

connective tissue

tissue that provides support for your body and connects all its parts. Bone tissue and fat tissue are examples of this tissue.


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