Chapter 11 Management

EVOLVES; ethical and economic, corporate governance, globalization, changes in tech, etc.

(CONTEMPORARY LEADERSHIP) Concept of leadership ___ as the needs of organization change and may be affected by the following:

Generalization not stereotype

Although both men and women can practice interactive leadership, research indicates that women's style of leadership is typically different from that of most men and is "particularly suited" to interstice leadership

Effective Follower

Bath a critical, independent thinker and active in the organization

Pragmatic Survivor Follower

Behavior depends on which style fits with the prevalent situation

Transactional Leaders

Clarify the role and task requirements subordinates, initiate structures, provide appropriate rewards, and try to be considerate and meet the social needs of subordinates

Referent Power

Comes from an individual's personal characteristics that command others' identification, respect and admiration so that they wish to emulate that individual; personal quality, respect or admiration

Fiedler's Contingency Theory

Considered a person's leadership style to be relatively fixed and difficult to change; basic idea is to match the leader's style with the situation most favorable for his or her effectiveness (change the leader all together, not he group & task)

Managers are "riding the waves" and keeping the boats stable: rational, maintains stability, assigns tasks, organizes, analyzes, position power (FOCUS ON THE ORGANIZATION) Leaders "make the waves" and create change: Visionary, promotes change, defines purpose, nurtures, innovates, personal power (FOCUS ON PEOPLE)

Differences between leader and manager qualities?

Traits

Distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self-confidence, and even appearance

BOTH, should not be and either or situation

Do you want a transformational or transactional leader?

Varied

Effective leaders typically possess ____ traits, and no single leader can have a complete set of characteristics that is appropriate for handling any problem, challenge, or opportunity that comes along

Contingency approaches

Explore how the organizational situation influences leadership effectiveness

Situational Model

Focuses attention on the characteristics of followers in determining appropriate leadership behavior

Charismatic Leader

Has the ability to inspire and motivate people to do more than they would normally do, despite obstacles and personal sacrifice

Almost completed lack of ego (humility) coupled with a fierce resolve to do what is best for the organization (will)

Key characteristics of a level 5 leader?

Level 1: Highly Capable Individual Level 2: Contributing Team Member Level 3: Compentant Manager Level 4: Effective Leader Level 5: Executive

Levels of level 5 leadership

Two different; management is doing things; leadership is doing the right things

Management and leadership reflect ____ sets of qualities and skills that frequently overlap within a single individual; management is ___ and leadership is ___

Humility

Means being unpretentious and modest rather than arrogant and prideful; difference between level 4 and 5 leaders

Interactive Leadership

Means that the leader favors a consensual and collaborative process, and influence derives from relationships rather than position power and formal authority

Strengths

Natural talents and abilities that have been supported and reinforced with learned knowledge and skills and provide each individual with his or her best tools for accomplishment and satisfaction; practice what you are good at

Passive Follower

Neither critical, independent thinking or active participation

Conformist Follower

Participates actively by doesn't use critical thinking skills

Alientated Follower

Passive, yet independent, critical thinker

Consideration

People-oriented behavior and is the extent to which the leader is mindful of subordinates, respects their ideas and feelings, and establishes mutual trust

Coercive Power

Refers to authority to punish or recommend punishment

Authentic Leadership/Transformational

Refers to individuals who know and understand themselves, who espouse and act consistent with higher-order ethical values, and who empower and inspire others with their openness and authenticity

Expert Power

Results from a person's special knowledge or skill regarding the task being performed; skill/information

-For the fulfillment of their ion of subordinates' goals and needs -For the realization of the larger purpose or mission of their organiza

Servant leaders operate on two levels in organizations:

Transformational Leaders (Charismatic)

Similar to charismatic leaders; distinguished by their special ability to bring about innovation and change

Reward Power

Stems from the authority to bestow rewards on other people

Situational model: willingness and ability

Subordinates very in readiness, which is determined by the degrees of ______ that a subordinate demonstrates while performing a specific task

Leadership

The ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals

Influence

The effect that a person's actions have on the attitudes, values, beliefs, or behavior of others; ability to help someone do something without force/bribe

Initiating Structure

The extent to which the leader is task-oriented and directs subordinate work activities toward goal attainment

Power

The potential ability to influence the behavior of others

Legitimate Power

The power coming from a formal management position in an organization and the authority granted to it

The extend to which the leader's style is task oriented or relationship-(people) oriented

The starting point for Fiedler's theory is?

Servant Leader

Transcenyds self-interest to serve others, the organization, and societ

Managerial/Leadership Grid

Two-dimensional theory proposed by Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton of the University of Texas, later restated by Robersons R. Blake and Anne Adams McCanse

-Personal effort -Network of relationships -Information

What are some other sources of power?

1. Level 5 Leadership 2. Servant Leadership 3. Authentic/Transformational Leadership

What are the 4 types of contemporary leadership?

1. Alienated 2. Conformist 3. Pragmatic Survivor 4. Passive 5. Effective

What are the 5 styles of followers hip

1. Use rational persuasion 2. Help people to like you 3. Rely on the rule of reciprocity (if they give you something they motivate you to give something back) 4. Develop allies 5. Ask for what you want 6. Appeal to higher authority (What would Henry Ford do, appeal to founders of the company/organization. What would they want?)

What are the Six Interpersonal Influence Tactics for Leaders

1. Pursues purpose with passion 2. Practices solid values 3. Connects with others 4. Demonstrates self-discipline 5. Leads with the heart as well as the head

What are the key components of authentic leadership?

Leader: 1. Honest 2. Competent 3. Forward-looking 4. Inspiring 5. Intelligent Follower: 1. Honest 2. Competent 3. Dependable 4. Cooperative 5. Loyal

What are the top five qualities for leaders and followers (top two important)

1. Situational Leadership Theory 2. Fiedler's Contingency Theory

What are the two contingency approaches?

First Dimension: Quality of independent critical thinking vs dependent, uncritical thinking Second Dimension: Active vs passive behavior

What are the two dimensions to categorize follower styles according to Robert E. Kelly

Task-oriented behavior and people-oriented behavior

What are the two types of behavior that have been identified as applicable to effective leadership

There was a weak relationship between personal traits and leader success

What did research find in the relationship between personal traits and leader success

-Stating a loft vision -Displaying an ability to understand and empathize with followers -Empowering and trusting subordinates to accomplish results

What does the impact of charismatic leaders come from?

Behavior theory: Leaders always do Contingency: If X, then leaders should (first thought of as a continuum, but then realized as an axis)

What is behavior theory?

Achieving organizational goals, effectively and efficiently through Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling, all with limited resources

What is our definition of Management?

Females have a statistical advantage

What is the female advantage?

Concern for people and concern for production; two AXIS model (not spectrum). Best leaders are at high ends on both sides

What is the leadership/managerial grid based on>

Leaders are... (STRENGTHS), Leaders practice... (have this ability and practice it)

What is the trait theory?

Internal sources, such as an individual's special knowledge or personal characteristics

Where does personal power most often come from?