Chapter 11 Management
EVOLVES; ethical and economic, corporate governance, globalization, changes in tech, etc.
(CONTEMPORARY LEADERSHIP) Concept of leadership ___ as the needs of organization change and may be affected by the following:
Generalization not stereotype
Although both men and women can practice interactive leadership, research indicates that women's style of leadership is typically different from that of most men and is "particularly suited" to interstice leadership
Effective Follower
Bath a critical, independent thinker and active in the organization
Pragmatic Survivor Follower
Behavior depends on which style fits with the prevalent situation
Transactional Leaders
Clarify the role and task requirements subordinates, initiate structures, provide appropriate rewards, and try to be considerate and meet the social needs of subordinates
Referent Power
Comes from an individual's personal characteristics that command others' identification, respect and admiration so that they wish to emulate that individual; personal quality, respect or admiration
Fiedler's Contingency Theory
Considered a person's leadership style to be relatively fixed and difficult to change; basic idea is to match the leader's style with the situation most favorable for his or her effectiveness (change the leader all together, not he group & task)
Managers are "riding the waves" and keeping the boats stable: rational, maintains stability, assigns tasks, organizes, analyzes, position power (FOCUS ON THE ORGANIZATION) Leaders "make the waves" and create change: Visionary, promotes change, defines purpose, nurtures, innovates, personal power (FOCUS ON PEOPLE)
Differences between leader and manager qualities?
Traits
Distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self-confidence, and even appearance
BOTH, should not be and either or situation
Do you want a transformational or transactional leader?
Varied
Effective leaders typically possess ____ traits, and no single leader can have a complete set of characteristics that is appropriate for handling any problem, challenge, or opportunity that comes along
Contingency approaches
Explore how the organizational situation influences leadership effectiveness
Situational Model
Focuses attention on the characteristics of followers in determining appropriate leadership behavior
Charismatic Leader
Has the ability to inspire and motivate people to do more than they would normally do, despite obstacles and personal sacrifice
Almost completed lack of ego (humility) coupled with a fierce resolve to do what is best for the organization (will)
Key characteristics of a level 5 leader?
Level 1: Highly Capable Individual Level 2: Contributing Team Member Level 3: Compentant Manager Level 4: Effective Leader Level 5: Executive
Levels of level 5 leadership
Two different; management is doing things; leadership is doing the right things
Management and leadership reflect ____ sets of qualities and skills that frequently overlap within a single individual; management is ___ and leadership is ___
Humility
Means being unpretentious and modest rather than arrogant and prideful; difference between level 4 and 5 leaders
Interactive Leadership
Means that the leader favors a consensual and collaborative process, and influence derives from relationships rather than position power and formal authority
Strengths
Natural talents and abilities that have been supported and reinforced with learned knowledge and skills and provide each individual with his or her best tools for accomplishment and satisfaction; practice what you are good at
Passive Follower
Neither critical, independent thinking or active participation
Conformist Follower
Participates actively by doesn't use critical thinking skills
Alientated Follower
Passive, yet independent, critical thinker
Consideration
People-oriented behavior and is the extent to which the leader is mindful of subordinates, respects their ideas and feelings, and establishes mutual trust
Coercive Power
Refers to authority to punish or recommend punishment
Authentic Leadership/Transformational
Refers to individuals who know and understand themselves, who espouse and act consistent with higher-order ethical values, and who empower and inspire others with their openness and authenticity
Expert Power
Results from a person's special knowledge or skill regarding the task being performed; skill/information
-For the fulfillment of their ion of subordinates' goals and needs -For the realization of the larger purpose or mission of their organiza
Servant leaders operate on two levels in organizations:
Transformational Leaders (Charismatic)
Similar to charismatic leaders; distinguished by their special ability to bring about innovation and change
Reward Power
Stems from the authority to bestow rewards on other people
Situational model: willingness and ability
Subordinates very in readiness, which is determined by the degrees of ______ that a subordinate demonstrates while performing a specific task
Leadership
The ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals
Influence
The effect that a person's actions have on the attitudes, values, beliefs, or behavior of others; ability to help someone do something without force/bribe
Initiating Structure
The extent to which the leader is task-oriented and directs subordinate work activities toward goal attainment
Power
The potential ability to influence the behavior of others
Legitimate Power
The power coming from a formal management position in an organization and the authority granted to it
The extend to which the leader's style is task oriented or relationship-(people) oriented
The starting point for Fiedler's theory is?
Servant Leader
Transcenyds self-interest to serve others, the organization, and societ
Managerial/Leadership Grid
Two-dimensional theory proposed by Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton of the University of Texas, later restated by Robersons R. Blake and Anne Adams McCanse
-Personal effort -Network of relationships -Information
What are some other sources of power?
1. Level 5 Leadership 2. Servant Leadership 3. Authentic/Transformational Leadership
What are the 4 types of contemporary leadership?
1. Alienated 2. Conformist 3. Pragmatic Survivor 4. Passive 5. Effective
What are the 5 styles of followers hip
1. Use rational persuasion 2. Help people to like you 3. Rely on the rule of reciprocity (if they give you something they motivate you to give something back) 4. Develop allies 5. Ask for what you want 6. Appeal to higher authority (What would Henry Ford do, appeal to founders of the company/organization. What would they want?)
What are the Six Interpersonal Influence Tactics for Leaders
1. Pursues purpose with passion 2. Practices solid values 3. Connects with others 4. Demonstrates self-discipline 5. Leads with the heart as well as the head
What are the key components of authentic leadership?
Leader: 1. Honest 2. Competent 3. Forward-looking 4. Inspiring 5. Intelligent Follower: 1. Honest 2. Competent 3. Dependable 4. Cooperative 5. Loyal
What are the top five qualities for leaders and followers (top two important)
1. Situational Leadership Theory 2. Fiedler's Contingency Theory
What are the two contingency approaches?
First Dimension: Quality of independent critical thinking vs dependent, uncritical thinking Second Dimension: Active vs passive behavior
What are the two dimensions to categorize follower styles according to Robert E. Kelly
Task-oriented behavior and people-oriented behavior
What are the two types of behavior that have been identified as applicable to effective leadership
There was a weak relationship between personal traits and leader success
What did research find in the relationship between personal traits and leader success
-Stating a loft vision -Displaying an ability to understand and empathize with followers -Empowering and trusting subordinates to accomplish results
What does the impact of charismatic leaders come from?
Behavior theory: Leaders always do Contingency: If X, then leaders should (first thought of as a continuum, but then realized as an axis)
What is behavior theory?
Achieving organizational goals, effectively and efficiently through Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling, all with limited resources
What is our definition of Management?
Females have a statistical advantage
What is the female advantage?
Concern for people and concern for production; two AXIS model (not spectrum). Best leaders are at high ends on both sides
What is the leadership/managerial grid based on>
Leaders are... (STRENGTHS), Leaders practice... (have this ability and practice it)
What is the trait theory?
Internal sources, such as an individual's special knowledge or personal characteristics
Where does personal power most often come from?