Chapter 11 Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

Ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid are called ________. A) ependymal cells B) Schwann cells C) oligodendrocytes D) astrocytes

A) ependymal cells

The sodium-potassium pump ________. A) pumps three sodium ions outside the cell and two potassium ions inside B) pumps two sodium ions outside the cell and three potassium ions inside C) pumps three sodium ions inside the cell and two potassium ions outside D) pumps two sodium ions inside the cell and three potassium ions outside

A) pumps three sodium ions outside the cell and two potassium ions inside

Which of these ions is actively transported through the cell membrane to establish a resting potential? A) Na B) Cl C) Mg D) Ca

A) Na

Conducting region of the neuron (generate nerve impuleses)

Axon

Neurotransmitters are released at the ________.

Axon terminal

Which of the following is correct relative to Ohm's law? A) I = R / V B) Current is directly proportional to the voltage. C) R = V + I D) The more intense the stimulus, the more voltage changes.

B) Current is directly proportional to the voltage

In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is ________. A) positively charged and contains less sodium B) negatively charged and contains less sodium C) negatively charged and contains more sodium D) positively charged and contains more sodium

B) negatively charged and contains less sodium

The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the ________. A) cell body B) synapse C) receptor D) effector

B) synapse

Which neuron is rare and would be found in the retina of the eye?

Bipolar neuron

Direct-acting neurotransmitters ________. A) require cyclic AMP B) mediate very slow responses C) open ion channels to provoke rapid responses D) act through second messengers

C) open ion channels to provoke rapid responses

The chemically gated channel, NMDA, allows ________ ions entry into the nerve cell. A) Na+ B) K+ C) Ca2+ D) Cl-

C) Ca2+

The sheath of Schwann is also called the ________. A) myelin sheath B) axolemma C) neurilemma D) white matter

C) Neurilemma

The sympathetic and parasympathetic are subdivisions of the ________. A) central nervous system B) voluntary nervous system C) autonomic nervous system D) somatic nervous system

C) autonomic nervous system

A neuronal circuit that concentrates or directs a large number of incoming impulses to a rather small number of neurons is called a(n) ________. A) diverging circuit B) oscillating circuit C) converging circuit D) parallel circuit

C) converging circuit

Select the correct statement about synapses. A) Cells with interconnected cytoplasm are chemically coupled. B) The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled. C) Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons of cells. D) The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another.

D) The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another.

The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________. A) resting period B) repolarization C) depolarization D) absolute refractory period

D) absolute refractory period

Bipolar neurons are commonly ________. A) motor neurons B) called neuroglial cells C) found in ganglia D) found in the retina of the eye

D) found in the retina of the eye

Ependymal cells ________. A) are a type of neuron B) are a type of macrophage C) are the most numerous of the neuroglia D) help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid

D) help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid

Receptive or input region of the neuron.

Dendrites

What neron is the most common in the body and is the major type of neuron in the CNS?

Multi-polar neuron

Which type of neuron would connect to a muscle and would have its cell body inside the spinal cord in its relfex arc?

Multi-polar neuron

Which neuron is common only in dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord and sensory ganglia of cranial nerves?

Unipolar neuron

Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are ________. A) astrocytes B) oligodendrocytes C) microglia D) Schwann cells

a) astrocytes

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________. A) axon B) dendrite C) neurolemma D) Schwann cell

a) axon

An action potential ________. A) is essential for impulse propagation B) involves the influx of negative ions to depolarize the membrane C) is initiated by potassium ion movement D) involves impulse propagation dependent on chemically gated ion channels

a) is essential for impulse propogation

Which of the following is not a structural feature of a neuron? A) synaptic cleft B) Nissl bodies C) dendrites D) axon

a) synaptic cleft

A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. A) the membrane potential has been reestablished B) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell C) proteins have been resynthesized D) all sodium gates are closed

a) the membrane potential has been reestablished

An excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle is ________.

acetylcholine

Also called a nerve impulse transmitted by axons.

action potentials

________ are found in the CNS and bind axons and blood vessels to each other.

astrocytes

The part of the neuron that normally receives stimuli is called ________. A) an axon B) a dendrite C) a neurolemma D) a Schwann cell

b) a dendrite

A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________. A) efferent neuron B) afferent neuron C) association neuron D) glial cell

c) association neuron

The term central nervous system refers to the ________. A) autonomic nervous system B) brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves C) brain and spinal cord D) spinal cord and spinal nerves

c) brain and spinal cord

The role of acetylcholinesterase is to ________. A) act as a transmitting agent B) amplify or enhance the effect of ACh C) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axonal endings D) stimulate the production of serotonin

c) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axonal endings

Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. A) nuclei B) nerves C) ganglia D) tracts

c) ganglia

The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________. A) ion B) cholinesterase C) neurotransmitter D) biogenic amine

c) neurotransmitter

Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. A) ependymal cells B) microglia C) oligodendrocytes D) astrocytes

c) oligodendrocytes

Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? A) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract B) innervation of cardiac muscle C) innervation of glands D) innervation of skeletal muscle

d) innervation of skeletal muscle

Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? A) sodium B) chloride C) calcium D) potassium

d) potassium

The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions

depolarization

A gap between Schwann cells in the peripheral system is called a(n)

node of Ranvier

An exceptionally strong stimulus can trigger a response.

relative refactory period

The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a change in membrane permeability.

repolarization

That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous system.

somatic

Which neuron is a sensory neuron found in a reflex arc?

unipolar neuron