Chapter 11 Quiz #2 Nutrition

If a normal, healthy adult were to begin consuming a vitamin A poor diet, approximately how much time would pass before the first deficiency symptoms would appear? 2 weeks 1 to 2 months 6 months 1 to 2 years

Correct answer: 1 to 2 years

How many micrograms of dietary beta-carotene are equivalent to 1 retinol activity equivalent? 2 4 8 12

Correct answer: 12

How many different forms of vitamin A are active in the body? 1 2 3 5

Correct answer: 3

To decrease risk for vitamin A toxicity-related birth defects, it is suggested that pregnant women limit vitamin A supplements to less than 5, 000 RE. 10, 000 RE. 4 times RDA. 10 times RDA.

Correct answer: 4 times RDA

Approximately what percent of the body's vitamin A stores are found in the liver? 20 50 70 90

Correct answer: 90

What is the adult AI for vitamin K? 45-60 mg 90-120 mg 150-300 mg 500-550 mg

Correct answer: 90-120 mg

What is prothrombin? A storage protein for vitamin K A transport protein for vitamin E A protein needed for bone formation A protein needed for blood clot formation

Correct answer: A protein needed for blood clot formation

What population group is at highest risk for osteomalacia? Infants Elderly men Adult women Children ages 2-12 years

Correct answer: Adult women

Keratinization of lung cells has been reported in smokers taking high-dose supplements of vitamin C. vitamin A. beta-carotene. alpha-tocopherol.

Correct answer: Beta-carotene

Which of the following substances is converted to vitamin A in the body? Cholesterol Chlorophyll Xanthophyll Beta-carotene

Correct answer: Beta-carotene

What are the known effects of raising animals on diets containing retinoic acid as the only source of vitamin A? Growth is stunted. Blindness develops. Retinal synthesis is stimulated. Retinol synthesis is stimulated.

Correct answer: Blindness develops

As far as is known, vitamin A does NOT play an important role in which of the following processes? Blood clotting Growth of bones and teeth Synthesis of visual pigment Maintaining mucous membranes

Correct answer: Blood clotting

In what chief capacity does vitamin K function? Blood clotting Energy metabolism Calcium utilization Epithelial tissue renewal

Correct answer: Blood clotting

Which of the following compounds serves as the major precursor for the body's synthesis of vitamin D? Cholesterol Tryptophan Beta-carotene Eicosapentanoic acid

Correct answer: Cholesterol

What is the major carrier of the fat-soluble vitamins from the intestinal epithelial cell to the circulation? Albumin Cholesterol Chylomicrons Liposoluble binding proteins

Correct answer: Chylomicrons

Which of the following is likely to induce vitamin A toxicity in adults? Eating beef liver more than once a month Consuming high-dose vitamin A supplements Drinking 2 quarts of vitamin A-fortified milk daily Consuming large amounts of dark green and deep orange vegetables

Correct answer: Consuming high-dose vitamin A supplements

Among the following, which contains the highest concentration of vitamin E? Butter Carrots Milk fat Corn oil

Correct answer: Corn oil

What part of the body is affected most from keratomalacia? Bone Liver Cornea Immune cells

Correct answer: Cornea

Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin? Retinol Tocopherol Phylloquinone Cyanocobalamin

Correct answer: Cyanocobalamin

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin D synthesis? Tanning lamps and tanning booths do not stimulate vitamin D synthesis. Sunscreens with sunburn protection factors of 2 and above prevent synthesis of vitamin D. The ultraviolet rays of the sun are able to easily pierce heavy clouds and smog to promote vitamin D synthesis. Dark skinned people require longer sunlight exposure than light-skinned people to synthesize equivalent amounts of vitamin D.

Correct answer: Dark skinned people require longer sunlight exposure than light-skinned people to synthesize equivalent amounts of vitamin D.

Increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fats in the diet increases the need for vitamin A. E. K. D

Correct answer: E

Which of the following is a property of the tocopherols? Easily destroyed by air and oxygen Act as precursors for the menaquinones May dissolve from foods into cooking water Absorbed from the intestines into the portal circulation

Correct answer: Easily destroyed by air and oxygen

What is the role of vitamin E in the metabolism of free radicals? Carrier Promoter Eliminator Synthesizer

Correct answer: Eliminator

Which of the following conditions is known to lead to formation of mineral deposits in the blood vessels and kidney? Excessive intake of vitamin D Inadequate intake of vitamin D Excessive intake of tocopherols Inadequate intake of tocopherols

Correct answer: Excessive intake of vitamin D

Which of the following can the body use to synthesize vitamin D? Bone Carotene Tryptophan Exposure to sunlight

Correct answer: Exposure to sunlight

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin D? Toxicity from vitamin D may result from overexposure to the sun. Requirements are much higher in the elderly due to degenerative bone diseases. Fortification of milk with the vitamin is common in order to provide people with a reliable source. Absorption from most food sources is very poor, necessitating the addition of liberal quantities to grain products.

Correct answer: Fortification of milk with the vitamin is common in order to provide people with a reliable source.

What type of foods should be controlled in individuals taking anticoagulant medicines? Cold water fish Processed soups Enriched breads Green leafy vegetables

Correct answer: Green leafy vegetables

Which of the following functions is shared by beta-carotene and vitamin E? Inhibition of oxidation Prevention of keratinization Prevention of hemolytic anemia Inhibition of bone calcium loss

Correct answer: Inhibition of oxidation

If the diet contains precursor vitamin A, which of the following tissues can use it to form vitamin A? Eyes Kidneys Adipose cells Intestinal cells

Correct answer: Intestinal cells

Which of the following describes the primary function of vitamin A in bone health? It stimulates uptake of calcium from the intestines. It promotes synthesis of specific bone proteins involved in the mineralization process. It inhibits oxidation of bone mucopolysaccharides thereby preserving bone crystal integrity and promoting growth. It assists enzymes that degrade certain regions of the bone thereby allowing remodeling to occur.

Correct answer: It assists enzymes that degrade certain regions of the bone thereby allowing remodeling to occur.

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K? It participates in synthesis of bone proteins. Large amounts can be stored in adipose tissue. Good food sources are legumes and raw fruits. Intestinal bacterial synthesis provides over 90% of the body's need for most people.

Correct answer: It participates in synthesis of bone proteins.

How is vitamin E thought to play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease? It inhibits dietary absorption of cholesterol. It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins. It interferes with cholesterol synthesis by the liver. It speeds removal of blood cholesterol by the liver.

Correct answer: It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins

Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria? A E K D

Correct answer: K

Which of the following describes an event in the visual response process? Light energy strikes the retina and excites pigments to release retinal. Light energy strikes the cornea and excites pigments to release retinoic acid. Visual pigments deep in the brain are excited by light transmitted through the retina. Epithelial cells on the surface of the eye respond to light energy by transmitting opsin molecules along nerve pathways to the brain.

Correct answer: Light energy strikes the retina and excites pigments to release retinal.

What tissue contains the majority of the body's store of vitamin A? Liver Adipose Retinal cells Intestinal mucosal cells

Correct answer: Liver

Which of the following may result from excessive intakes of vitamin D by adults? Increased bone density Increased bone calcification Deformity of leg bones, ribs, and skull Mineral deposits in soft tissues such as the kidney

Correct answer: Mineral deposits in soft tissues such as the kidney

What population group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency? Adults Elderly Newborns Teenagers

Correct answer: Newborns

Vitamin A supplements are helpful in treating which of the following conditions? Acne Rickets Osteomalacia Night blindness

Correct answer: Night blindness

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K? Deficiencies lead to intravascular clotting. Major dietary sources are whole grains and legumes. No adverse effects have been reported with high intakes. Primary deficiencies are more common than secondary deficiencies.

Correct answer: No adverse effects have been reported with high intakes.

What is the name of the vitamin D-deficiency disease in adults? Rickets Osteomalacia Keratomalacia Hyperkeratosis

Correct answer: Osteomalacia

Which of the following conditions or diseases are known to be caused by a deficiency of the same nutrient? Osteomalacia and rickets Xerophthalmia and breath pentane release Kwashiorkor and fibrocystic breast disease Hemolytic anemia and large-cell type anemia

Correct answer: Osteomalacia and rickets

The major function of vitamin E is to inhibit the destruction of lysosomes. free radicals. mucopolysaccharides. polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Correct answer: Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Which of the following is known to require vitamin K for its synthesis? Albumin GI mucosa Prothrombin Mucopolysaccharides

Correct answer: Prothrombin

Which of the following is the name of the vitamin A compound that is active in the visual response? Opsin Keratin Retinal Carotene

Correct answer: Retinal

Which of the following is responsible for transporting vitamin A from the liver to other tissues? Albumin Rhodopsin Retinol-binding protein Transcarotenoid protein

Correct answer: Retinol-binding protein

In what system would the effects of a vitamin D deficiency be most readily observed? Nervous Skeletal Muscular Circulatory

Correct answer: Skeletal

Which of the following features do Retin-A and Accutane share? They are teratogenic. They are highly toxic. They are usually taken orally. They have chemical structures similar to vitamin A.

Correct answer: They have chemical structures similar to vitamin A.

In which of the following individuals would vitamin A toxicity be most likely to occur? Adolescent women Overweight adults Those taking vitamin A supplements Those consuming more than 100 g of carrots daily

Correct answer: Those taking vitamin A supplements

Which of the following is not among the features of the fat-soluble vitamins? Require bile for absorption Found in the fat and oily parts of foods Transported permanently to the liver and adipose tissue Pose a greater risk for developing a toxicity than water-soluble vitamins

Correct answer: Transported permanently to the liver and adipose tissue

Studies in developing countries have demonstrated that the mortality rate of children with measles can be significantly reduced by providing supplements of iron. vitamin A. folic acid. phylloquinone.

Correct answer: Vitamin A

The process of bone remodeling is known to be dependent on all of the fat-soluble vitamins except vitamin A. vitamin K. vitamin E. vitamin D.

Correct answer: Vitamin E

The risk for vitamin D deficiency increases with advancing age for all of the following reasons except exposure to sunlight is reduced. older people decrease milk intake. absorption of dietary vitamin D declines. the kidneys are less efficient at activating vitamin D.

Correct answer: absorption of dietary vitamin D declines.

The animal version of vitamin D is known as ergocalciferol. foliocalciferol. cholecalciferol. phyllocalciferol

Correct answer: cholecalciferol

The plant version of vitamin D is known as ergocalciferol. foliocalciferol. cholecalciferol. phyllocalciferol.

Correct answer: ergocalciferol

All of the following are features of vitamin K in nutrition except infants frequently require a supplement at birth. good food sources are plants of the cabbage family. risk of deficiency is increased in people taking antibiotics for prolonged periods. gut microflora synthesis supplies sufficient amounts to meet the needs of most healthy adults

Correct answer: gut microflora synthesis supplies sufficient amounts to meet the needs of most healthy adults

All of the following are characteristics of excess consumption of beta-carotene except overconsumption from foods is not harmful. supplements may destroy the body's vitamin A. overconsumption from supplements is not harmful. drinking alcohol worsens the adverse effects of supplements.

Correct answer: overconsumption from supplements is not harmful.

Substances that promote oxidation are usually termed prooxidants. antioxidants. free radical generators. reactive electron oxidants.

Correct answer: prooxidants.

Which of the following foods is a very good source of vitamin A? Corn Pumpkin pie Baked potato Whole-grain bread

Correct answer: pumpkin pie

All of the following are forms of vitamin A except retinol. retinal. retinoic acid. retinoquinone.

Correct answer: retinoquinone

All of the following are characteristics of vitamin D nutrition except deficient intake may lead to altered bone composition. excessive intake may lead to mineral deposits in the kidneys. fortified milk is the major dietary source in the U.S. population. the requirement is increased in most people who are exposed to the sun.

Correct answer: the requirement is increased in most people who are exposed to the sun.