Chapter 11 QUIZ E
Carl and Ralph both earned a D on their psychology test. Carl believes that his low grade resulted because his teacher does not like him. Ralph believes that his low grade was due to bad luck. Carl demonstrates an _____locus of control; Ralph demonstrates an _____ locus of control.
external; external
In a senior writing seminar, students were asked to write a brief autobiography. Sixty years later the students MOST likely to be alive and healthy are those who had expressed which outlook in their autobiographies?
happiness, love, and other positive feelings
With respect to the immune system, stress
may increase or decrease the system's activity
People sometimes appreciate hearing that "this too shall pass" because people typically _____ the duration of their emotions, and _____ their resilience.People sometimes appreciate hearing
overestimate; underestimate
The director of an assisted-living housing complex was puzzled by a situation. When she let the residents choose their own dinnertime, as well as what they wanted to eat, she realized there were far fewer health problems and deaths. To what might she attribute this?
perceived control
Stress Appraisal
perception assessment of how threatening a stressor
Nadine believes she is less successful than most of her social media friends. This perception BEST illustrates the concept o
relative deprivation
Nadine believes she is less successful than most of her social media friends. This perception BEST illustrates the concept of
relative deprivation
Aerobic Exercise
sustained movement that improves cardiovascular functioning
Appraising stressors as a challenge-focused response
take action and responsibly- stress response alleviates continued stress response
Internal Locus of Control
the perception that we control our own fate
Which person is the BEST example of a Type B personality?
someone who is easygoing and relaxed
LGBTQIA+ individuals who live in communities where they face significant intolerance or discrimination die _____ years earlier than do those living in more accepting communities
12 years
Abdul has just discovered his term paper is due tomorrow when he thought it was due next week. According to Hans Selye, Abdul will likely be experiencing the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
alarm
Problem-focused coping
Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor.
Relative Deprivation
Believing that others have more of something desirable than we do (we feel bad if our comparisons show that we have less)
With respect to the immune system, underreacting is to overreacting as _____ is to _____
Cancer; arthritis
Derek's psychologist has asked him to write about a personal trauma he experienced as a child. How might this writing exercise influence his health?
He will have fewer health problems in the coming months
Studies have shown that people who are easily angered to even small amounts of stress are more prone to
Heart attacks
Maggie just started her fourth year of medical school and is an avid cyclist. During her summer off of medical school she had a bike accident that produced a large contusion on her knee. If Maggie had the same accident during finals week, what would one expect to happen?
she would heal more slowly than in the summer
A local religious organization has taken an interest in reaching out to community members with AIDS. They were prompted to do this when they learned that religiously active AIDS patients _____ than do their nonreligious counterparts
survive longer
External Locus of Control
the perception that outside forces beyond our personal control determine out fate
Learned Helplessness
The hopelessness and passive resignation humans and other animals learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
Stress
The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors that we appraise as threatening or challenging
Faith Factor
Those active in an organized region live longer than those who are not
John has been an active member of his church for the past 35 years. His good health may be attributed to
access to a support network
With each new accomplishment, each career advance, and each raise, Joe somehow feels that it is still not enough. Joe's example BEST illustrates
adaptation-level phenomenon
Jim has been taking medication and going to psychotherapy to treat his depressive symptoms. Which of these would enhance his treatment?
aerobic exercise
With respect to stress, which list contains an item that does NOT belong with the others?
aerobic exercise; building social support, preventing stress
Which person is the BEST example of a Type A personality?
someone who is competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone
Appraising stressors as a threat- distracted response
stress response causes an increase in continued stress response
Perceived Control
the belief that we can influence our environment in ways that determine whether we experience positive or negative outcomes
Primary Appraisal
Determining a stimulus is a stressor
Subject-Well-Being
One's perception of one's general level of happiness in life
A stress reaction is a
Physical or emotional response
Hillary rates her satisfaction with her life as an 8 out of 10. This score refers to her
Subjective Well-Being
Exhaustion (Phase of Stress)
bodily resources depleted
Social Support
care and concern from others in a time of stress
Alarm (Phases of Stress)
reflex to mobilize resources
After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, many people from around the country went to New York City to lend aid. This response to stress is an example of:
A tend-and-befriend response
Pessimistic
Anticipating a negative outcome -Pessimists more likely than optimist to develop heart disease
Optimistic
Anticipating a postive outcome -Optimists live longer
Stressor
Any stimulus or event that elicits (causes) a stress response
_____ lymphocytes fight bacterial infections.
B
External locus of control
Belief that you have little or no personal control over events of your life; external forces or random events are in charge of your destiny
Internal locus of control
Belief that you have personal control over events of your life, and thus have the power to make changes
One effective strategy for reducing angry feelings is to
Count to 10
Secondary Appraisal
Determining if we can handle the stressor
Biofeedback
Displays a persons own physiological measurements so that the person can become aware of the body's reaction to stress or relaxation
One is MOST susceptible to illness during the _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome.
Exhaustion
B lymphocyte is to T lymphocyte as _____ is to _____.
Fighting bacterial infections; attacking viruses
A month ago, Jason lost his job due to circumstances beyond his control and he is very concerned about his financial situation. Since then, he has learned that his wife will not be able to return to the United States because she cannot get her green card, and that his rent-controlled apartment is being sold so he must find another place to live. Given what happens when people feel unable to control their environment, which of these is happening to Jason? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices
His immune response is dropping
Behavioral Medicine
Interdisciplinary field combining medicine and psychology that examines health and illness
eremy's New Year's resolution is to lose weight and stop smoking. Based on the research on self-control, which approach is likely to be MOST successful?
Jeremy should try to lose weight first and then stop smoking
Jessica was walking home from work when she found a $20 bill on the ground. There was no one around, so she picked up the money. As she rounded the corner, she saw a woman with an armful of groceries entering a building. Which scenario is MOST likely?
Jessica rushes to hold the door for the woman
Jim recently received a large inheritance from a distant relative. Based on research, it can be expected that
Jim will initially be happy but will then adjust and need more to be happy
James is a married man who has six children and another one on the way. He has a demanding job as a cardiologist in a major research hospital. His wife, Molly, is a stay-at-home mother. He is described by friends as easygoing, happy, and content with his life. His wife is often stressed by the demands of pregnancy as well as raising six small children. She is frequently angry with James for not taking parenting more seriously. Which statement is true?
Molly us more at risk for stress-related illnesses than James
Sandy participated in a research project in college, and she was identified as being happier than average. During a follow-up study 20 years later, researchers found all of these EXCEPT Sandy was
More likely to have met all of her life goals than less happy peers
Personal Control
Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless.
Tend-And-Befriend
Protective measures (protecting offspring or resources) and seeking social support (formation of social alliances)
Health Psychology
Psychological contribution to behavioral medicine
Resilence
Recovery after experiencing stressors
Mindfulness meditation
Relaxing, silently attending to one's inner state, without judging and mentally scanning one's body from head to toe
Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon
Tendency to be helpful when you are in a good mood
Depression
This experiencing depressed mood more likely to die sooner
Adaptation-Level Phenomenon
We reset our expectation for what is "normal" based on what we have experienced
Alan reluctantly decided to take a long-awaited trip to New Zealand. What is most disturbing to him is that he must leave his pet monkey behind. There is a pet hotel in the city that has agreed to take him. Should Alan worry about him?
Yes. Monkeys under stress due to social disruptions have weakened immune systems
Emotion-focused coping
attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction
ksana can't decide whether to file her taxes or start a written assignment for one of her college courses. Neither option seems appealing. Oksana is facing a(n) _____ conflict.
avoidance-avoidance
Anders has just received devastating news about the coffee shop he owns. Things seem very bleak because a nationally known competitor is moving in on the same block. Anders has many debts to pay off and his wife is expecting their fourth child. When he hears the bad news, his heart rate zooms and he feels faint, as if he is in shock. According to Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Anders is in Phase
1, experiencing an alarm reaction
3 Phases of Stress: The General Adaptation Syndrome
1: Alarm 2: Resistance 3: Exhaustion
3 Factors of Faith Factor
1: healthier lifestyle 2: social support 3: postive emotions
Roger has a good amount on his plate. He works full time, he also has a part-time job, and has a new consulting company in response to his son's special needs. He seems to be coping with everything quite well, for the moment anyway. In Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Roger is in Phase
2, in a state of resistance
Which concept is MOST nearly the opposite of personal control?
Learned Helplessness
Maya owes the credit card company $20,000, her adjustable-rate mortgage has just gone up, and she has been out of work for 3 months. Her husband of 15 years came home today to tell her he was having an affair and wants a divorce. With that news, she collapsed and had to be taken to the emergency room. In Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Maya is in Phase
3, in a state of exhaustion
Fight or Flight
Confronting the stressor or avoiding it; removes the stressor or you from the stressful situation
Joe has been in treatment for lung cancer for the past 11 months but has described himself as thankful and happy for every day that he has. The personal strength that has helped him to cope can be described as
Resilience
Brendan must give an oral presentation in 10 minutes at the start of his class. In response to this threat
blood flow increases to Brendan's muscles
Sydney is on her way to a meeting with her boss. In response to this anxiety-provoking situation, her:
blood flows to her muscles
Resistance (Phase of Stress)
coping (denial, avoiding, rationalizing) behaviors and thoughts intended to address the stressor
Being "on hold" on the phone when one calls a customer service center is annoying, and it may distract one from the other things one needs to do. As a stressor, being on hold exemplifies a
daily hassle
Reeghan was diagnosed with high cholesterol, which led to a heart attack at the age of 52. According to research, which factor increases her likelihood of having further heart problems?
depression