Chapter 11 QUIZ E

Carl and Ralph both earned a D on their psychology test. Carl believes that his low grade resulted because his teacher does not like him. Ralph believes that his low grade was due to bad luck. Carl demonstrates an _____locus of control; Ralph demonstrates an _____ locus of control.

external; external

In a senior writing seminar, students were asked to write a brief autobiography. Sixty years later the students MOST likely to be alive and healthy are those who had expressed which outlook in their autobiographies?

happiness, love, and other positive feelings

With respect to the immune system, stress

may increase or decrease the system's activity

People sometimes appreciate hearing that "this too shall pass" because people typically _____ the duration of their emotions, and _____ their resilience.People sometimes appreciate hearing

overestimate; underestimate

The director of an assisted-living housing complex was puzzled by a situation. When she let the residents choose their own dinnertime, as well as what they wanted to eat, she realized there were far fewer health problems and deaths. To what might she attribute this?

perceived control

Stress Appraisal

perception assessment of how threatening a stressor

Nadine believes she is less successful than most of her social media friends. This perception BEST illustrates the concept o

relative deprivation

Nadine believes she is less successful than most of her social media friends. This perception BEST illustrates the concept of

relative deprivation

Aerobic Exercise

sustained movement that improves cardiovascular functioning

Appraising stressors as a challenge-focused response

take action and responsibly- stress response alleviates continued stress response

Internal Locus of Control

the perception that we control our own fate

Which person is the BEST example of a Type B personality?

someone who is easygoing and relaxed

LGBTQIA+ individuals who live in communities where they face significant intolerance or discrimination die _____ years earlier than do those living in more accepting communities

12 years

Abdul has just discovered his term paper is due tomorrow when he thought it was due next week. According to Hans Selye, Abdul will likely be experiencing the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

alarm

Problem-focused coping

Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor.

Relative Deprivation

Believing that others have more of something desirable than we do (we feel bad if our comparisons show that we have less)

With respect to the immune system, underreacting is to overreacting as _____ is to _____

Cancer; arthritis

Derek's psychologist has asked him to write about a personal trauma he experienced as a child. How might this writing exercise influence his health?

He will have fewer health problems in the coming months

Studies have shown that people who are easily angered to even small amounts of stress are more prone to

Heart attacks

Maggie just started her fourth year of medical school and is an avid cyclist. During her summer off of medical school she had a bike accident that produced a large contusion on her knee. If Maggie had the same accident during finals week, what would one expect to happen?

she would heal more slowly than in the summer

A local religious organization has taken an interest in reaching out to community members with AIDS. They were prompted to do this when they learned that religiously active AIDS patients _____ than do their nonreligious counterparts

survive longer

External Locus of Control

the perception that outside forces beyond our personal control determine out fate

Learned Helplessness

The hopelessness and passive resignation humans and other animals learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Stress

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Faith Factor

Those active in an organized region live longer than those who are not

John has been an active member of his church for the past 35 years. His good health may be attributed to

access to a support network

With each new accomplishment, each career advance, and each raise, Joe somehow feels that it is still not enough. Joe's example BEST illustrates

adaptation-level phenomenon

Jim has been taking medication and going to psychotherapy to treat his depressive symptoms. Which of these would enhance his treatment?

aerobic exercise

With respect to stress, which list contains an item that does NOT belong with the others?

aerobic exercise; building social support, preventing stress

Which person is the BEST example of a Type A personality?

someone who is competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone

Appraising stressors as a threat- distracted response

stress response causes an increase in continued stress response

Perceived Control

the belief that we can influence our environment in ways that determine whether we experience positive or negative outcomes

Primary Appraisal

Determining a stimulus is a stressor

Subject-Well-Being

One's perception of one's general level of happiness in life

A stress reaction is a

Physical or emotional response

Hillary rates her satisfaction with her life as an 8 out of 10. This score refers to her

Subjective Well-Being

Exhaustion (Phase of Stress)

bodily resources depleted

Social Support

care and concern from others in a time of stress

Alarm (Phases of Stress)

reflex to mobilize resources

After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, many people from around the country went to New York City to lend aid. This response to stress is an example of:

A tend-and-befriend response

Pessimistic

Anticipating a negative outcome -Pessimists more likely than optimist to develop heart disease

Optimistic

Anticipating a postive outcome -Optimists live longer

Stressor

Any stimulus or event that elicits (causes) a stress response

_____ lymphocytes fight bacterial infections.

B

External locus of control

Belief that you have little or no personal control over events of your life; external forces or random events are in charge of your destiny

Internal locus of control

Belief that you have personal control over events of your life, and thus have the power to make changes

One effective strategy for reducing angry feelings is to

Count to 10

Secondary Appraisal

Determining if we can handle the stressor

Biofeedback

Displays a persons own physiological measurements so that the person can become aware of the body's reaction to stress or relaxation

One is MOST susceptible to illness during the _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

Exhaustion

B lymphocyte is to T lymphocyte as _____ is to _____.

Fighting bacterial infections; attacking viruses

A month ago, Jason lost his job due to circumstances beyond his control and he is very concerned about his financial situation. Since then, he has learned that his wife will not be able to return to the United States because she cannot get her green card, and that his rent-controlled apartment is being sold so he must find another place to live. Given what happens when people feel unable to control their environment, which of these is happening to Jason? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices

His immune response is dropping

Behavioral Medicine

Interdisciplinary field combining medicine and psychology that examines health and illness

eremy's New Year's resolution is to lose weight and stop smoking. Based on the research on self-control, which approach is likely to be MOST successful?

Jeremy should try to lose weight first and then stop smoking

Jessica was walking home from work when she found a $20 bill on the ground. There was no one around, so she picked up the money. As she rounded the corner, she saw a woman with an armful of groceries entering a building. Which scenario is MOST likely?

Jessica rushes to hold the door for the woman

Jim recently received a large inheritance from a distant relative. Based on research, it can be expected that

Jim will initially be happy but will then adjust and need more to be happy

James is a married man who has six children and another one on the way. He has a demanding job as a cardiologist in a major research hospital. His wife, Molly, is a stay-at-home mother. He is described by friends as easygoing, happy, and content with his life. His wife is often stressed by the demands of pregnancy as well as raising six small children. She is frequently angry with James for not taking parenting more seriously. Which statement is true?

Molly us more at risk for stress-related illnesses than James

Sandy participated in a research project in college, and she was identified as being happier than average. During a follow-up study 20 years later, researchers found all of these EXCEPT Sandy was

More likely to have met all of her life goals than less happy peers

Personal Control

Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless.

Tend-And-Befriend

Protective measures (protecting offspring or resources) and seeking social support (formation of social alliances)

Health Psychology

Psychological contribution to behavioral medicine

Resilence

Recovery after experiencing stressors

Mindfulness meditation

Relaxing, silently attending to one's inner state, without judging and mentally scanning one's body from head to toe

Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon

Tendency to be helpful when you are in a good mood

Depression

This experiencing depressed mood more likely to die sooner

Adaptation-Level Phenomenon

We reset our expectation for what is "normal" based on what we have experienced

Alan reluctantly decided to take a long-awaited trip to New Zealand. What is most disturbing to him is that he must leave his pet monkey behind. There is a pet hotel in the city that has agreed to take him. Should Alan worry about him?

Yes. Monkeys under stress due to social disruptions have weakened immune systems

Emotion-focused coping

attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction

ksana can't decide whether to file her taxes or start a written assignment for one of her college courses. Neither option seems appealing. Oksana is facing a(n) _____ conflict.

avoidance-avoidance

Anders has just received devastating news about the coffee shop he owns. Things seem very bleak because a nationally known competitor is moving in on the same block. Anders has many debts to pay off and his wife is expecting their fourth child. When he hears the bad news, his heart rate zooms and he feels faint, as if he is in shock. According to Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Anders is in Phase

1, experiencing an alarm reaction

3 Phases of Stress: The General Adaptation Syndrome

1: Alarm 2: Resistance 3: Exhaustion

3 Factors of Faith Factor

1: healthier lifestyle 2: social support 3: postive emotions

Roger has a good amount on his plate. He works full time, he also has a part-time job, and has a new consulting company in response to his son's special needs. He seems to be coping with everything quite well, for the moment anyway. In Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Roger is in Phase

2, in a state of resistance

Which concept is MOST nearly the opposite of personal control?

Learned Helplessness

Maya owes the credit card company $20,000, her adjustable-rate mortgage has just gone up, and she has been out of work for 3 months. Her husband of 15 years came home today to tell her he was having an affair and wants a divorce. With that news, she collapsed and had to be taken to the emergency room. In Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Maya is in Phase

3, in a state of exhaustion

Fight or Flight

Confronting the stressor or avoiding it; removes the stressor or you from the stressful situation

Joe has been in treatment for lung cancer for the past 11 months but has described himself as thankful and happy for every day that he has. The personal strength that has helped him to cope can be described as

Resilience

Brendan must give an oral presentation in 10 minutes at the start of his class. In response to this threat

blood flow increases to Brendan's muscles

Sydney is on her way to a meeting with her boss. In response to this anxiety-provoking situation, her:

blood flows to her muscles

Resistance (Phase of Stress)

coping (denial, avoiding, rationalizing) behaviors and thoughts intended to address the stressor

Being "on hold" on the phone when one calls a customer service center is annoying, and it may distract one from the other things one needs to do. As a stressor, being on hold exemplifies a

daily hassle

Reeghan was diagnosed with high cholesterol, which led to a heart attack at the age of 52. According to research, which factor increases her likelihood of having further heart problems?

depression