Chapter 11 Quiz: The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between vitamin A and acne? a. Supplemental vitamin A is useful for mild to moderate cases. b. Massive oral doses of vitamin A are effective for all types. c. High doses of vitamin A are especially useful in acne associated with pregnancy. d. Accutane (isotretinoin), made from vitamin A, is effective against cystic acne.

d. Accutane (isotretinoin), made from vitamin A, is effective against cystic acne.

The production of which protein slows in response to vitamin D deficiency? a. Calciferol b. 7-Dehydrocholesterol c. Ergocalciferol d. Calbindin

d. Calbindin

The beta-carotene in dark green, leafy vegetables is abundant but masked by large amounts of which pigment? a. Xanthophyll b. Carotenoid c. Anthocyanin d. Chlorophyll

d. Chlorophyll

Which health problem occurs in premature infants born before the transfer of vitamin E from the mother to the infant in the last weeks of pregnancy? a. Aplastic anemia b. Hemochromatosis c. Thalassemia d. Erythrocyte hemolysis

d. Erythrocyte hemolysis

Foods rich in vitamin C seem to protect against certain cancers, especially which type? a. Breast b. Colorectal c. Lung d. Head and neck

d. Head and neck

One of vitamin K's best sources is the bacteria found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but infants are born with a sterile GI tract. Therefore, a single dose of vitamin K is given at birth to prevent which health problem? a. Erythrocyte hemolysis b. Hemophilia c. Rickets d. Hemorrhagic disease

d. Hemorrhagic disease

The World Health Organization and UNICEF recommend two doses of vitamin A supplements, given 24 hours apart, for all children with which health condition? a. Bone fractures b. Chickenpox c. Mumps d. Measles

d. Measles

Which of the following vitamin A compounds binds with opsin to form rhodopsin? a. Retinoids b. Carotenoids c. Retinol d. Retinal

d. Retinal

Which of the following vitamin A compounds acts like a hormone, regulating cell differentiation, growth, and embryonic development? a. Retinoids b. Carotenoids c. Retinol d. Retinoic acid

d. Retinoic acid

Which of the following is true about free radicals? a. They are unstable and highly reactive molecules. b. They act as antioxidants in the body. c. They defend against cancer. d. They protect against heart disease.

a. They are unstable and highly reactive molecules.

How many sun exposure minutes are necessary for sufficient vitamin D synthesis, even with an SPF of 15 or 30? a. 5 minutes b. 10 to 20 minutes c. 20 to 30 minutes d. 30 to 60 minutes

b. 10 to 20 minutes

One ounce of which food provides more than three times the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin A? a. Plain yogurt b. Beef liver c. Pinto beans d. Tofu

b. Beef liver

Without vitamin K, which substance cannot bind to the minerals that normally form bones, resulting in low bone density? a. Calcitriol b. Osteocalcin c. Calcidiol d. Phylloquinone

b. Osteocalcin

Which food is NOT a source of vitamin D?: a. Egg yolks b. Red meat c. Salmon d. Sardines

b. Red meat

Which statement is NOT true of vitamin E? a. Vitamin E deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia in premature infants. b. Dietary vitamin E requirements increase with increasing intakes of polyunsaturated fats. c. Vitamin E is the most toxic of all the vitamins. d. Vitamin E is easily destroyed by heat and exposure to air.

c. Vitamin E is the most toxic of all the vitamins.