Nutrition Chapter 5

Which of the following diets provides approximately 18% of the total Calories (kcal. from fat? a) 41 grams of fat; 2,385 kcal b) 67 grams of fat; 3,268 kcal c) 36 grams of fat; 1,154 kcal d) 17 grams of fat; 2, 392 kcal

b) 67 grams of fat; 3,268 kcal

Atherosclerosis is best characterized by a) an accumulation of plaque in the lining of blood vessels. b) an inflammation of the colon lining. c) the formation of uric acid crystals in the blood. d) the formation of pouches in the lining of the colon.

a) an accumulation of plaque in the lining of blood vessels.

Hormone sensitive lipase a) breaks down stored triglycerides inside fat cells. b) is needed to deposit fatty acids into adipose tissue. c) is needed for lipid digestion. d) is needed to synthesize essential fatty acids.

a) breaks down stored triglycerides inside fat cells.

__________ can help fat and water to mix by breaking large fat globules into smaller ones. a)Emulsifiers b)Cis fatty acids c)Eicosanoids d)Trans fatty acids

a)Emulsifiers

A(n) ___________ fatty acid has carbon-carbon double bond with the hydrogen atoms on the same side of a double bond. a)cis b)trans c)essential d)nonessential

a)cis

Foods consisting mostly of fatty acids with only single bonds tend to be a)solid at room temperature. b)soluble in water. c)liquid at room temperature. d)gaseous at room temperature.

a)solid at room temperature.

Chylocmicrons are formed in: a)the intestine b)the liver c)the lymph d)the blood

a)the intestine

Which of the following profiles is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis? a) total blood cholesterol in adults below 120 mg/100 mL of blood. b) HDL cholesterol below 40 mg per 100 mL of blood. c) LDL levels below 130 mg per 100 mL of blood. d) All answer choices are correct.

b) HDL cholesterol below 40 mg per 100 mL of blood.

When needed for a source of energy, fatty acids are broken down into a) pyruvate. b) acetyl CoA. c) glucose. d) chylomicrons.

b) acetyl CoA.

Which of the following is used to make the lipid bilayer found in cell membranes in the body? a) saturated fatty acids. b) phospholipids. c) trans fatty acids. d) eicosanoids

b) phospholipids.

Current recommendations regarding fat intake suggest a healthy diet should a) eliminate all fat. b) provide about 20 to 35% of total Calories (kcal. from fat. c) include saturated fats but eliminate cholesterol. d) All answer choices are correct.

b) provide about 20 to 35% of total Calories (kcal. from fat.

Which of the following lipoproteins contains mostly cholesterol? a)chylomicrons b)Low-density-lipoproteins c)High-density-lipoproteins d)Very-low-density-lipoproteins

b)Low-density-lipoproteins

10) High levels of HDLs in the blood are associated with a)improved immune function. b)a reduced risk of heart disease. c)increased risk of colon cancer. d)increased risk of breast and prostate cancer.

b)a reduced risk of heart disease.

Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from a)essential fatty acids. b)cholesterol. c)trans fatty acids. d)phospholipids.

b)cholesterol.

The function of bile in triglyceride digestion is a)to hydrolyze (split) the bond that attaches fatty acids to glycerol. b)to act as an emulsifier. c)facilitate the formation of chylomicrons. d)circulate lipids in the blood.

b)to act as an emulsifier.

Women tend to develop heart disease later than men because a) women have lower levels of HDLs compared to men. b) women tend to consume more trans fatty acids than men. c) the hormone estrogen has a protective effect in women before menopause. d) women have more blood vessels than men which helps blood to circulate more efficiently.

c) the hormone estrogen has a protective effect in women before menopause.

The precursors for eicosanoid formation is(are) a)cholesterol. b)lecithin. c)omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. d)trans fatty acids

c)omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

An injury to the artery wall leading to inflammation could be caused by? a) high blood glucose b) infectious microorganisms. c) free radicals formed during cigarette smoking. d) All answer choices are correct.

d) All answer choices are correct.

The anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fats have been shown to benefit a) heart disease. b) rheumatoid arthritis. c) multiple sclerosis. d) All answer choices are correct.

d) All answer choices are correct.

Most fatty acids in food and in the body are bound to a molecule called a)cholesterol. b)phospholipids. c)lecithin. d)glycerol.

d)glycerol.