Chapter 11 -Research

Target Population

A population that meets sampling citeria

Population

All elements that meet a well-defined set of criteria

Element

Basic unit of the population

Inclusion criteria

Characteristics of elements in a study

Exclusion criteria

Characteristics that eliminate elements from a study

Prepresentativeness

Degree to which the sample reflects the population

E/U Allowing a nursing administrator to see group data from surveys conducted in the organization

Ethical

Prividing subjects with money to reimburse their travel expenses to the data collection site.

Ethical

T/F A group with elements having similar attributes would be considered heterogeneous

False

T/F A study involving three groups needs a minimum of 30 subjects

False

T/F Attrition has little effect on the generalizability of study findings

False

Accessible population

Population from which a researcher can sample

Sample

The elements included in a study

T/F Characteristics of the accessible population should be considered when creating recruitment materials

True

T/F The best way to determine sample size for a quantitative study is through power analysis

True

E/U Allowing a subject who does not speak English to sign a consent form without providing an interpreter

Unethical

E/U keeping a folder for every subject that contains a signed consent form and raw data

Unethical

Promising health care for life to individual if they choose to participate in a study

Unethical

Nurse researchers want to obtain a random sample for a research study. Which of the following are appropriate for obtaining a random participant sample? (Select all that apply.) a. Using computer software b. Drawing names out of a container c. A random numbers table assigning numbers to potential participants d. Asking for volunteer participants and taking all volunteers

a. Using computer software b. Drawing names out of a container c. A random numbers table assigning numbers to potential participants

A nurse researcher has written out a description of the proposed study participants and how the participants will be recruited. This is the definition of: a. a sampling plan. b. sampling. c. a participation plan. d. a population plan.

a. a sampling plan

_______________ is an effective and efficient method to collect data from large populations. A manageable sample is obtained by randomly selecting elements from larger to smaller groups or subsets of a population. a. Cluster sampling b. Stratified random sampling c. Probability sampling d. Simple random sampling

a. cluster sampling

To use random sampling, a researcher must know the a. sampling frame b. characteristics of the population c. exclusion criteria d. sampling interval

a. sampling frame

Which of the following sampling methods involves randomization (select all that apply) a. systematic sampling b. snowball sampling c. stratified random sampling d. cluster sampling

a. systematic sampling c. stratified random sampling d. cluster sampling

A study is designed to research the effect of diet on patients with high blood pressure and no other medical issues under the age of 38. Which of the following would be in the study target population? a. A 38-year-old man with hypertension and psoriasis b. A 37-year-old man with hypertension c. A 37-year-old man with hypertension and obesity d. A 40-year-old man with hypertension

b. A 37-year-old man with hypertension

A nurse researcher is performing a research study; to recruit participants, the nurse has asked current participants for referrals to other potential participants. This is an example of what type of sampling? a. Cluster sampling b. Snowball sampling c. Stratified random sampling d. Simple random sampling

b. snowball sampling

The nurse researcher has defined the target population for a study as females under age 40 who have had infertility of unknown cause for over 12 months with no surgical intervention. The nurse now needs to determine what related to the target population? a. Available population b. Participating population c. Accessible population d. Appropriate population

c. Accessible population

The nurse understands that nursing research is essential to ensure what type of practice occurs ensuring high quality health care with beneficial outcomes? a. Research-based practice b. Science-based practice c. Evidence-based practice d. Evidence-based outcomes

c. Evidence-based practice

Which of the following is one of the negative aspects of nonprobability sampling? a. Participant population is highly representative of the general population. b. Results of the study are limited to the confines of the participant population. c. With no random selection the results are less likely to represent the target population. d. With random selection the results are likely to represent the target population.

c. With no random selection the results are less likely to represent the target population.

A researcher desires to study the effect of a memory game on older adults' abilities to recall a short-term task list. The researcher randomly selects 20 elders from a list of residents at a local nursing home. The sampling method used it a. convenience sampling b. quota sampling c. simple random sampling d. purposive sampling

c. simple random sampling

The nurse has a proposed study to determine the effect of yoga on patients with a diagnosis of hypertension. The nurse needs to determine the number of participants needed for the study; which of the following is the best way to determine the ample size to best detect the effect of yoga on hypertension? a. Significance level b. Effect level c. Attrition rate d. Power analysis

d. Power analysis

Why is representativeness essential in a research study? a. So that study results can be generalized to all populations. b. It ensures that results of a study are applicable to all populations. c. It ensures study results are obtained by trained researchers. d. So that results of a study can be generalized to target populations.

d. So that results of a study can be generalized to target populations.