Chapter 11: The Endocrine System: Glands and Hormones
The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces all of the following hormones except
ADH
The two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are
ADH and oxytocin
_____ cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon.
Alpha
Shown here is a micrograph of one pancreatic islet. Which cells in the pancreas release glucagon?
Alpha cells release glucagon.
The word part cortic/o means _____.
Cortex
All of the following are hormones except
FBG
Calcitriol is produced when vitamin D is modified in the liver, then the kidney.
False
Hormones are released into ducts.
False
The "fight-or-flight" hormones are released from the pituitary gland.
False
Where is the pituitary gland?
In the brain, below the hypothalamus
Vitamin D works with what hormone to increase blood calcium concentration?
PTH
The parathyroid glands are four small endocrine glands that are embedded in the _____ surface of the thyroid gland.
Posterior
What is the name of the band connecting the two lobes of the thyroid gland?
The isthmus
T4 is another term for the hormone triiodothyronine.
True
The posterior pituitary gland houses hypothalamic axon terminals.
True
As a result of many hours spent wearing tight ski boots, Kerry suffers from an inflamed nerve in her foot. Her podiatrist prescribes an injection to help reduce the inflammation. This injection is most likely ________
a glucocorticoid
As a result of many hours spent wearing tight ski boots, Kerry suffers from an inflamed nerve in her foot. Her podiatrist prescribes an injection to help reduce the inflammation. This injection is most likely _________.
a glucocorticoid
Which of these glands uses cholesterol as the raw material for its hormones?
adrenal cortex
Epinephrine is secreted by the __________.
adrenal gland
Epinephrine is secreted by the ________.
adrenal medulla
__________ regulates the kidney's processing of sodium and potassium.
aldosterone
Thyroid hormone synthesis is stimulated by TSH released from the _____.
anterior pituitary gland
Large amounts of this hormone raise blood pressure.
antidiuretic hormone
Which of these actions is stimulated by epinephrine?
bronchiole dilation
Intestinal reabsorption of calcium is directly stimulated by _______________, the active form of vitamin D.
calcitriol
Parathyroid hormone regulates blood levels of
calcium
Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex include
cortisol and aldosterone
The sympathetic nervous system directly stimulates the release of _______________ from the adrenal gland.
epinephrine
The hormone _____is an "eating initiator" and indirectly stimulates a sensation of hunger.
ghrelin
Which of the following hormones stimulates appetite?
ghrelin
Insulin and glucagon regulate blood levels of
glucose
Glucagon stimulates the synthesis of _______________.
glucose from amino acids
An insulin-secreting tumor would result in
hypoglycemia
The pituitary gland as a whole is also referred to as the _____.
hypophysis
High blood glucose concentration:
induces beta cells to release insulin
Which of these hormones is composed of amino acids?
insulin
Thyroid hormones contain the element
iodine
The adrenal glands are located near the
kidneys
Gonadotropins act on the
ovary and testis
After 9 months and 10 days of pregnancy, Lindsay is ready for her baby to be born. To get the process moving she could be given an injection of _____________.
oxytocin
The clusters of pancreatic cells secreting hormones are called _____________.
pancreatic islets
The small gland in the brain that controls many other glands is the ________.
pituitary
A saddle-like depression in the sphenoid bone cradles the ______________.
pituitary gland
Which best explains why hormones only act on certain parts of the body?
receptor binding
Which gland can't produce its hormones unless it has enough iodine?
thyroid
Which two hormones increase the metabolic rate?
thyroid hormone and epinephrine
This hormone is secreted by the gland that surrounds the larynx.
thyroxine
Which hormone consists of two tyrosine molecules with two iodine atoms on each?
thyroxine (T4)
You're answering an exam question about a hormone that stimulates thyroid gland activity. You don't recognize any of the options, but then you remember a word part that means "acting on" and you guess the right answer. The relevant word part is ________.
trop/o