Chapter 11: The Endocrine System: Glands and Hormones

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces all of the following hormones except

ADH

The two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are

ADH and oxytocin

_____ cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon.

Alpha

Shown here is a micrograph of one pancreatic islet. Which cells in the pancreas release glucagon?

Alpha cells release glucagon.

The word part cortic/o means _____.

Cortex

All of the following are hormones except

FBG

Calcitriol is produced when vitamin D is modified in the liver, then the kidney.

False

Hormones are released into ducts.

False

The "fight-or-flight" hormones are released from the pituitary gland.

False

Where is the pituitary gland?

In the brain, below the hypothalamus

Vitamin D works with what hormone to increase blood calcium concentration?

PTH

The parathyroid glands are four small endocrine glands that are embedded in the _____ surface of the thyroid gland.

Posterior

What is the name of the band connecting the two lobes of the thyroid gland?

The isthmus

T4 is another term for the hormone triiodothyronine.

True

The posterior pituitary gland houses hypothalamic axon terminals.

True

As a result of many hours spent wearing tight ski boots, Kerry suffers from an inflamed nerve in her foot. Her podiatrist prescribes an injection to help reduce the inflammation. This injection is most likely ________

a glucocorticoid

As a result of many hours spent wearing tight ski boots, Kerry suffers from an inflamed nerve in her foot. Her podiatrist prescribes an injection to help reduce the inflammation. This injection is most likely _________.

a glucocorticoid

Which of these glands uses cholesterol as the raw material for its hormones?

adrenal cortex

Epinephrine is secreted by the __________.

adrenal gland

Epinephrine is secreted by the ________.

adrenal medulla

__________ regulates the kidney's processing of sodium and potassium.

aldosterone

Thyroid hormone synthesis is stimulated by TSH released from the _____.

anterior pituitary gland

Large amounts of this hormone raise blood pressure.

antidiuretic hormone

Which of these actions is stimulated by epinephrine?

bronchiole dilation

Intestinal reabsorption of calcium is directly stimulated by _______________, the active form of vitamin D.

calcitriol

Parathyroid hormone regulates blood levels of

calcium

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex include

cortisol and aldosterone

The sympathetic nervous system directly stimulates the release of _______________ from the adrenal gland.

epinephrine

The hormone _____is an "eating initiator" and indirectly stimulates a sensation of hunger.

ghrelin

Which of the following hormones stimulates appetite?

ghrelin

Insulin and glucagon regulate blood levels of

glucose

Glucagon stimulates the synthesis of _______________.

glucose from amino acids

An insulin-secreting tumor would result in

hypoglycemia

The pituitary gland as a whole is also referred to as the _____.

hypophysis

High blood glucose concentration:

induces beta cells to release insulin

Which of these hormones is composed of amino acids?

insulin

Thyroid hormones contain the element

iodine

The adrenal glands are located near the

kidneys

Gonadotropins act on the

ovary and testis

After 9 months and 10 days of pregnancy, Lindsay is ready for her baby to be born. To get the process moving she could be given an injection of _____________.

oxytocin

The clusters of pancreatic cells secreting hormones are called _____________.

pancreatic islets

The small gland in the brain that controls many other glands is the ________.

pituitary

A saddle-like depression in the sphenoid bone cradles the ______________.

pituitary gland

Which best explains why hormones only act on certain parts of the body?

receptor binding

Which gland can't produce its hormones unless it has enough iodine?

thyroid

Which two hormones increase the metabolic rate?

thyroid hormone and epinephrine

This hormone is secreted by the gland that surrounds the larynx.

thyroxine

Which hormone consists of two tyrosine molecules with two iodine atoms on each?

thyroxine (T4)

You're answering an exam question about a hormone that stimulates thyroid gland activity. You don't recognize any of the options, but then you remember a word part that means "acting on" and you guess the right answer. The relevant word part is ________.

trop/o