Chapter 12-13

The average daily loss of water via the kidneys, lungs, feces, and skin approximates

1.5 to 2.5 liters

What is the bioavailability of dietary zinc?

15-40%

All of the following are recognized symptoms of zinc deficiency except

Anemia

In the United States, iron is currently added to which of the following foods?

Breads and cereals

Which of the following is a feature of potassium supplements?

Can cause toxicity

Which of the following is not a feature of potassium deficiency?

Dietary deficiencies are common due to availability of only a few good food sources

Which of the following is known to enhance iron absorption?

Foods containing vitamin C

Which of the following disorders us positively correlated with the presence of high blood iron?

Heart disease

Which of the following body structures helps to regulate thirst?

Hypothalamus

As far as is known, what hormone is dependent upon chromium for optimal activity?

Insulin

Which of the following is a feature of iron absorption?

It is higher in people with severe iron deficiency

Which of the following is a feature of potassium?

Liberal intake may correct hypertension

Which of the following is a feature of iron nutrition?

Many people do not eat enough iron-containing foods

Which of the following is thought to regulate the absorption of zinc?

Metallothionein in the intestinal cells

When eaten in the same meal, which of the following foods enhances the absorption of iron in legumes?

Oranges

Which of the following is a general characteristic of minerals in processed foods?

Salted peanuts contains less sodium than cornflakes on a gram basis

The strongest predictor for loss of bon density is a person's

age

Under normal circumstances, what is the average percentage of dietary iron that is absorbed?

10 to 15

What is the calcium adequate intake for college-age students?

1000 mg

Approximately how much iron would be provided by a balanced diet supplying 2000 kcalories?

12mg

To minimize the risk of calcium toxicity, total daily intakes should be limited to under

2,500 mg

What is the approximate water intake for a 65kg adult with an energy expenditure of 2,500 kcal?

2,500 to 3,250 ml

Which of the following would be the minimum amount of dietary iron known to impair zinc absorption in an individual with a zinc intake of 15 mg?

30 mg

How much calcium would be typically absorbed by a normal adult with a calcium intake of 1,000 mg?

300 mg

As far as known, which of the following is not a process that directly involves calcium?

pH regulation

All of the following are known to have a high sulfur content except

teeth

Which of the following represents the most reliable dietary source of zinc?

zinc plus ferrous iron

Among the following ethnic groups, which has the highest bone density?

African American

Which of the following is a feature of magnesium in nutrition?

Average intakes from food are below recommendations

Where is majority of the body's magnesium found?

Bones

Which of the following characteristics are shared by iron and zinc

Both are absorbed into intestinal epithelial cells but may then be lost by normal villus cell renewal processes

Which of the following is a major function of magnesium?

Catalyst in energy metabolism

Which of the following is the most effective and least costly strategy for preventing an iron deficiency?

Eat small quantities of meat, fish, and poultry frequently together with liberal amounts of vegetables and legumes

Which of the following individuals would most likely need an iron supplement?

Elderly female

What is the function of MFP factor?

Enhances iron absorption

Which of the following conditions is known to lead to copper deficiency?

Excess zinc

Which of the following compounds provides major a storage reservoir for iron?

Ferritin

What term designates foods that contain nonnutrient substances which may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition?

Functional foods

Which of the following is a feature of water?

Generated from oxidation of energy nutrients

Which of the following may result from iodine deficiency?

Goiter

Which of the following has been found to result from excessive intakes of molybdenum?

Gout-like symptoms

Which of the following foods provides iron in the most absorbable form?

Hamburger

What iron-containing compound carries oxygen in the bloodstream?

Hemoglobin

Which of the following is a feature of sodium and health?

High sodium intake is known to promote calcium excretion

Which of the following is a known side effect of prolonged ingestion of excessive amounts of zinc supplements?

Copper deficiency due to interference with copper aborptions

Which of the following elements has proved useful in the treatment of certain leukemias?

Selenium

Which of the following nutrients has functions similar to those of vitamin E?

Selenium

Evidence to date in animals and/or human beings suggests that normal bone metabolism requires all of the following trace minerals except

Silver

Which of the following vegetable greens shows the lowest bioavailability of calcium?

Spinach

What is the response of the pituitary gland of a person who is deficient in iodine?

Increased release of thyroid-stimulating hormone

Which of the following foods should be especially limited in the diet of individuals with hemochromatosis?

Iron-fortified cereals

Which of the following is a feature of Type I osteoporosis?

It can be prevented by taking estrogen

Which of the following is a feature of osteoporosis?

It has virtually no effect on blood calcium levels

Absorption iron from supplements is improved by taking them with

Meat

Which of the following population groups is least susceptible to iron deficiency anemia?

Men 20-45 years of age

What is the name given to the ingestion of nonnutritive substances?

Pica

What is the greatest single source of sodium in the diet?

Processed foods

What is the major source of dietary sulfur

Protein

Which of the following characteristics is shared by zinc and iron?

Proteins in the blood are needed for their transport

Which of the following symptoms would ordinarily not be found in individuals with iron-deficiency anemia?

diminished sense of smell

The most common cause of iron overload is

excessive used of iron supplements

When calculating the amount of iron that can be absorbed from a meal, all of the following factors are considered except

fiber content

Which of the following is the richest source of iodine?

fresh water fish

Which of the following has been shown to improve absorption of iron from iron supplements?

Taking them on an empty stomach rather than with meals

Which of the following is a feature of sodium nutrition?

The RDA is 3g, an amount that has been shown to have little or no effect on blood pressure

All of the following characteristics are shared by calcium and magnesium except

both are found in abundance in dairy products

All of following are properties of electrolytes except

They include fat-soluble as well as water soluble particles

Signs of iron toxicity include all of the following except

hypochromic anemia

Which of the following people are at known risk for potassium depletion?

Those who use diuretics regularly

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron transport?

Transferrin in the blood carries iron to the bone marrow

Which of the following is a common example of iron contamination in the diet?

Using an iron skillet to scramble eggs can triple their iron content

On per kcalories basis, which of the following are the best sources of magnesium?

Vegetables

Which of the following is a feature of water and health?

Water intoxication can result in death

Iron bioavailability from complete meals is known to be affected significantly by each of the following substances except

caffeine

All of the following factors are known to enhance the absorption of iron except

calcium from milk

All of the following are known to reduce the absorption of iron except

coffee

All of the following are known to have a high correlation with risk for osteoporosis except

consuming a high protein diet

A woman with severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy may have a child who develops

cretinism

Conditions associated with zinc deficiency include all of the following except

kidney failure

All of the following dietary substances are known to adversely affect calcium balance except

lactose in the diet

All of the following are known to enhance calcium absorption from the GI tract except

oxalic acid

Calcium supplements most likely to be contaminated with toxic minerals are those made from

oyster shells

All of following are features of potassium in nutrition except

processed foods are a major source

Sulfur is present in practically all

proteins

All of the following are characteristics of chloride in nutrition except

the RDA has recently been set at 10 mg/kg body weight

All of the following characteristics are shared by iron and zinc except

transport in the blood is primarily by albumin

When a person loses fluid by sweating or bleeding, what minerals are lost in greatest quantity?

Sodium and chloride

Which of the following is the primary function of potassium?

Acts as principal intracellular electrolyte

Which of the following is not among the common food sources of potassium?

Cheese

Among the following groups, which has the highest percentage of body water?

Children

Characteristics of manganese in nutrition include all of the following except

Deficiencies are seen primarily in the elderly

Which of the following is a characteristic of the mineral molybdenum?

Deficiency symptoms in animals and people are unknown

How would the body respond typically to loss of blood from hemorrhage?

More transferrin is produced to allow absorption and transport of more iron

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron utilization?

Most of the body's iron is recycled

Zinc is known to play an important role in all of the following functions except

Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids

What is the major extracellular cation?

Sodium

Which of the following is a characteristic of the trace minerals?

The amounts found in foods are not predictable

Why is taking vitamin C ineffective at enhancing iron-absorption from standard iron supplements?

The iron in the supplements is already in the ferrous form

Why are hemoglobin and hematocrit tests of limited usefulness in the assessment of iron status?

They are late indicators of iron deficiency

Iron deficiency in children is likely to result from a diet that overemphasizes

milk