Chapter 12
Water
The largest % of body weight comes from what mineral?
Cation
positively charged ion
Osteoporosis
disease in which bones become fragile and porous due to loss of minerals.
Renin
enzyme released by kidneys that activates angiotensin for fluid balance.
Intracellular fluid
fluid inside cell, such as cytoplasm.
Extracellular fluid
fluid outside cell, such as plasma and interstitial.
Carbonic acid
forms when carbon dioxide combines with water and helps regulate pH balance.
Bicarbonate
forms when carbonic acid dissociates and helps regulate pH balance by buffering acids; also in pancreatic juice.
Hypertension
The DASH diet plan was devised to prevent what?
Angiotensin
blood hormone activated by renin for vasoconstriction to raise blood pressure.
Hydroxyapatite
a calcium and phosphate rich crystalline structure of bone and teeth.
Aldosterone
adrenal gland hormone that stimulates that reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys and also regulates chloride and potassium.
Binders
chemicals in food that combine with nutrients, like minerals, to form complexes that body cannot absorb.
Dehydration
condition where water output exceeds water intake; causes thirst, rapid heartbeat and low blood pressure.
Minerals
inorganic elements that retain chemical identity in body.
pH
measure of solution's acidity and alkalinity; low number is more acidic/high number is more basic.
Osmosis
movement of water across membranes toward side with more concentrated solutes; creates a pressure difference.
Anion
negatively charged ion
Parathyroid hormone
parathyroid gland hormone that helps regulate calcium balance when levels are too low in blood.
Antidiuretic hormone
pituitary hormone that stimulates retention of water by kidneys for homeostasis of body fluids.
Electrolytes
salts that dissolve in water and dissociate into charged particles called ions.
Calcitonin
thyroid hormone that helps regulate calcium balance when levels are too high in blood.
Oral rehydration
therapy to treat dehydration caused by diarrhea with simple sugar, salt and water solution taken by mouth.