Chapter 12

Approximately what percent of Americans take dietary supplements?

50%

Which statement best describes the term dietary supplement? A dietary supplement is a nutrient-containing substance that is a substitute for food in the diet. A dietary supplement is a food or substance that supplements the diet and contains one or more dietary ingredients. A dietary supplement must contain more than one nutritional ingredient. A dietary supplement is a whole food.

A dietary supplement is a food or substance that supplements the diet and contains one or more dietary ingredients.

Which of the following statements about the safety of dietary supplements is NOT true? It is not uncommon for supplements to be contaminated with banned substances. High-potency supplements pose the highest risk of adverse effects. Supplements can legally contain amounts of nutrients that exceed their UL. Adverse effects resulting from the use of supplement are seldom serious.

Adverse effects resulting from the use of supplement are seldom serious.

Which statement best describes the term functional foods? Functional foods are a type of health claim describing how the product affects the body's structure or function. Functional foods are a group of botanical substances that have druglike effects on the body. Functional foods describe the relationship between a dietary supplement and its link to disease prevention. Functional foods contain food constituents that enhance health beyond the food's basic nutritional content.

Functional foods contain food constituents that enhance health beyond the food's basic nutritional content.

GRAS stands for:

Generally Recognized as Safe

What is one new regulation proposed under the Food Safety Modernization Act? The manufacturer needs to provide some evidence demonstrating that the supplement is reasonably expected to be safe. Supplement manufacturers do not need to give notice to the FDA before marketing their supplement. FDA approval for health claims is not necessary under the new regulation. Safety must be proven through a history of documentation detailing dosage, frequency, and duration of use.

Safety must be proven through a history of documentation detailing dosage, frequency, and duration of use.

An individual who suffers from constipation may benefit from taking which botanical supplement?

Senna

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about dietary supplements? The FDA does not evaluate their ability to provide the claimed benefits. The FDA approves new dietary ingredients in supplements before they are sold. The FDA does not verify that supplements are safe prior to their sale. The FDA must prove a product is unsafe to stop its sale.

The FDA approves new dietary ingredients in supplements before they are sold.

Which of the following types of statements is NOT allowed in structure/function claims? The supplement may strengthen various organs or tissues. The supplement may improve signs or symptoms associated with a disease. The supplement may help maintain good health. The supplement may improve feelings of general well-being.

The supplement may improve signs or symptoms associated with a disease.

Which organization provides seals of quality for dietary supplements that have been tested?

United States Pharmacopeial Convention

Why might a vegan require dietary supplementation?

Vegans do not consume animal products such as dairy and meat

Which nutrient would NOT be considered a phytonutrient? calcium lycopene plant sterols anthocyanins

calcium

Which of the following is NOT a dietary ingredient? zeaxanthin cellulose folate black pepper extract

cellulose

he amount of which of the following ingredients would not be shown on the Supplement Facts Panel? vitamin E gelatin lutein ginseng extract

gelatin

The following statement is an example of which type of claim? "Diets that are high in fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, may reduce the risk of certain cancers."

health claim

Which of the following is NOT an herbal supplement? liquid plant extracts dried flowers roots dried leaves

liquid plant extracts

Which term can be used in a structure/function claim to describe the link between a health condition and a nutrient?

maintain

Which of the following is a botanical ingredient contained in a product labeled as a "Tomato Lycopene" supplement? natural beta-carotene lycopene sunflower lecithin natural tomato extract

natural tomato extract

Functional food are also called _____.

nutraceuticals

A disclaimer stating that the FDA has NOT evaluated statements made on the product label must be included on the label of: only supplements that make health claims. only supplements that make structure/function claims. all foods and supplements that make structure/function claims. all foods and supplements that make health claims.

only supplements that make structure/function claims

Yogurt treated with bacterial cultures may help to:

promote gastrointestinal health

What is a possible benefit of consuming licorice root?

protection against liver damage

The statement "Diets containing adequate calcium and vitamin D support bone health" is an example of which type of claim?

structure/function claim

Which factor determines if probiotics can effectively improve gut health?

the availability of prebiotic foods such as grains, legumes, and vegetables

An individual who is vegan would most likely benefit from which dietary supplement? multivitamin folic acid vitamin D vitamin B12

vitamin B12

New dietary ingredients in supplements are those that: are not found naturally in foods. have been isolated and identified after enactment of DSHEA. were first used in supplements after enactment of DSHEA. are isolated phytochemicals.

were first used in supplements after enactment of DSHEA.

Which individual would likely benefit from consuming a dietary supplement? teenagers adults 35 years and older women who may become pregnant individuals who have an adequate dietary intake

women who may become pregnant