Chapter 12
Thyroid hormone controls the rate of ______ metabolism.
cellular
Chromium is important for the metabolism and storage of ______.
lipid protein carbohydrate
What is the main source of heme iron?
meat
Zinc deficiencies were first observed in diets high in unleavened breads. The food group they were most likely to lack that contributed to the zinc deficiency was
meat
Americans typically consume ______ the RDA of 0.9 mg/day for copper.
more than
Which of the following are functions of zinc?
-DNA synthesis -Cofactor for more than 50 enzymes
Select rich food sources of zinc.
-baked beans -beef roast -oysters
Select food sources of selenium that could be consumed by a vegan.
-brazil nuts -baked beans
Which of the following foods contain goitrogens?
-brussels sprouts -cabbage -cauliflower
What are roles of iron within the human body?
-carrying oxygen -immune function -neurological function -part of many enzymes
Exceeding the UL for zinc may result in
-diarrhea -lowered HDL cholesterol levels -depressed immune system function
Evidence is inconclusive on the role of selenium-rich diets in lowering risk for which of the following?
-heart disease -cancer
Choose the functions of iron.
-immune function -energy metabolism -wound healing -reproduction -growth
Choose the minerals that are classified as trace minerals.
-iron- -copper -selenium -zinc
Which of the following are good dietary sources of iodine?
-milk -seaweed -saltwater fish
Zinc is readily found in which of the following foods?
-roast beef -baked beans
To prevent dental fluorosis children should
-spit out excess fluid. -use a pea-sized amount of toothpaste. -rinse with water after brushing teeth.
What is the adult RDA for iodide?
150 mcg/day
What is the RDA for iron in women under the age of 50?
18 mg/day
The UL for zinc is _____ mg per day.
40
The UL for selenium is ____ µg/day.
400
The male RDA for iron is ______ and the female (between 19 and 50 years of age) RDA for iron is ______.
8 mg/day; 18 mg/day
Which of the following is not considered an essential nutrient?
Fluoride
Chromium may help with the function of which hormone?
Insulin
What is the best food source for iodide?
Iodized salt, 1/2 tsp
In what country was Zinc deficiency first discovered?
Iran
______ is an important activator of many enzymes that play roles in wound healing, metabolism, bone and cartilage formation and antioxidant function.
Manganese
Which of the following is a cofactor of four enzymes including sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase?
Molybdenum
Select food sources for chromium.
Potatoes Whole-grain Bread Broccoli
If an individual ate primarily locally produced foods, which location would have the least likelihood for developing goiter?
San Diego, CA
What happens when the body has adequate iron stores?
The absorptive cells of the small intestine make ferritin which blocks iron absorption.
Select the food source that provides the most selenium per serving.
Tuna, 3 oz
Which of the following minerals may have physiological roles in the body but since their roles are not clear, they have not been classified as essential nutrients?
Vanadium Nickel Arsenic
Zinc is necessary for which of the following?
Wound healing
Chromium levels in plant foods
are reflective of chromium content in the soil.
Choose the functions of manganese.
bone and cartilage formation metabolism antioxidant function wound healing
Adding fluoride to water can safely prevent _____.
dental caries
Recall that selenium is a component of several
enzymes
Which of the following terms best describe the mineral molybdenum?
essential trace
True or false: Conclusive evidence suggests that selenium, an antioxidant, has been show to significantly reduce the risk of cancer.
false
______ is the major storage form of iron that also helps regulate iron absorption.
ferritin
Cavities can be prevented by consuming ______.
fluoride
can remineralize the tooth surface and prevent cavities.
fluoride
Using a pea-sized amount of toothpaste, rinsing with water and spitting out excess fluid when brushing teeth will help prevent dental
fluorosis
______ is an enlargement of the thyroid gland as a result of an iodine deficiency.
goiter
Consuming high amounts of the _____ form of arsenic can cause health problems such as cancer.
inorganic
______ is a necessary trace mineral for oxygen delivery and immune function.
iron
heme iron nonheme iron
iron found in meat that is efficiently absorbed iron that is not absorbed efficiently; found in meat, vegetables, grains, supplements, and fortified or enriched foods
Fluoride is not considered an essential nutrient because
it is not require for growth. it does not sustain life.
Food crops can be sources of organic arsenic as plants acquire the mineral naturally from
normal erosion volcanic eruptions soil deposits
Which of the following are good sources of copper?
organ meats whole grains seeds
Soy products, turnips, and broccoli all contain compounds that
reduce thyroid production.
Selenium functions within the body as a component of several proteins referred to as ______.
selenoproteins
Exceeding the daily UL for selenium can lead to toxicity, known as
selenosis
What are causes of fluorosis in children?
swallowing toothpaste swallowing dental rinses
What gland uses iodine?
thyroid gland
______ minerals perform vital roles in the body although the body only requires consumption of less than 100mg/day.
trace
True or false: Fluoridated water over a lifetime may reduce a person's likelihood of tooth decay by 25%.
true
True or false: Trace minerals that have yet to have a clearly identified function in humans include boron, nickel, vanadium, arsenic, lithium, and silicon.
true
Which of the following groups has marginally adequate intakes of iodine?
young American women