Chapter 12

Thyroid hormone controls the rate of ______ metabolism.

cellular

Chromium is important for the metabolism and storage of ______.

lipid protein carbohydrate

What is the main source of heme iron?

meat

Zinc deficiencies were first observed in diets high in unleavened breads. The food group they were most likely to lack that contributed to the zinc deficiency was

meat

Americans typically consume ______ the RDA of 0.9 mg/day for copper.

more than

Which of the following are functions of zinc?

-DNA synthesis -Cofactor for more than 50 enzymes

Select rich food sources of zinc.

-baked beans -beef roast -oysters

Select food sources of selenium that could be consumed by a vegan.

-brazil nuts -baked beans

Which of the following foods contain goitrogens?

-brussels sprouts -cabbage -cauliflower

What are roles of iron within the human body?

-carrying oxygen -immune function -neurological function -part of many enzymes

Exceeding the UL for zinc may result in

-diarrhea -lowered HDL cholesterol levels -depressed immune system function

Evidence is inconclusive on the role of selenium-rich diets in lowering risk for which of the following?

-heart disease -cancer

Choose the functions of iron.

-immune function -energy metabolism -wound healing -reproduction -growth

Choose the minerals that are classified as trace minerals.

-iron- -copper -selenium -zinc

Which of the following are good dietary sources of iodine?

-milk -seaweed -saltwater fish

Zinc is readily found in which of the following foods?

-roast beef -baked beans

To prevent dental fluorosis children should

-spit out excess fluid. -use a pea-sized amount of toothpaste. -rinse with water after brushing teeth.

What is the adult RDA for iodide?

150 mcg/day

What is the RDA for iron in women under the age of 50?

18 mg/day

The UL for zinc is _____ mg per day.

40

The UL for selenium is ____ µg/day.

400

The male RDA for iron is ______ and the female (between 19 and 50 years of age) RDA for iron is ______.

8 mg/day; 18 mg/day

Which of the following is not considered an essential nutrient?

Fluoride

Chromium may help with the function of which hormone?

Insulin

What is the best food source for iodide?

Iodized salt, 1/2 tsp

In what country was Zinc deficiency first discovered?

Iran

______ is an important activator of many enzymes that play roles in wound healing, metabolism, bone and cartilage formation and antioxidant function.

Manganese

Which of the following is a cofactor of four enzymes including sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase?

Molybdenum

Select food sources for chromium.

Potatoes Whole-grain Bread Broccoli

If an individual ate primarily locally produced foods, which location would have the least likelihood for developing goiter?

San Diego, CA

What happens when the body has adequate iron stores?

The absorptive cells of the small intestine make ferritin which blocks iron absorption.

Select the food source that provides the most selenium per serving.

Tuna, 3 oz

Which of the following minerals may have physiological roles in the body but since their roles are not clear, they have not been classified as essential nutrients?

Vanadium Nickel Arsenic

Zinc is necessary for which of the following?

Wound healing

Chromium levels in plant foods

are reflective of chromium content in the soil.

Choose the functions of manganese.

bone and cartilage formation metabolism antioxidant function wound healing

Adding fluoride to water can safely prevent _____.

dental caries

Recall that selenium is a component of several

enzymes

Which of the following terms best describe the mineral molybdenum?

essential trace

True or false: Conclusive evidence suggests that selenium, an antioxidant, has been show to significantly reduce the risk of cancer.

false

______ is the major storage form of iron that also helps regulate iron absorption.

ferritin

Cavities can be prevented by consuming ______.

fluoride

can remineralize the tooth surface and prevent cavities.

fluoride

Using a pea-sized amount of toothpaste, rinsing with water and spitting out excess fluid when brushing teeth will help prevent dental

fluorosis

______ is an enlargement of the thyroid gland as a result of an iodine deficiency.

goiter

Consuming high amounts of the _____ form of arsenic can cause health problems such as cancer.

inorganic

______ is a necessary trace mineral for oxygen delivery and immune function.

iron

heme iron nonheme iron

iron found in meat that is efficiently absorbed iron that is not absorbed efficiently; found in meat, vegetables, grains, supplements, and fortified or enriched foods

Fluoride is not considered an essential nutrient because

it is not require for growth. it does not sustain life.

Food crops can be sources of organic arsenic as plants acquire the mineral naturally from

normal erosion volcanic eruptions soil deposits

Which of the following are good sources of copper?

organ meats whole grains seeds

Soy products, turnips, and broccoli all contain compounds that

reduce thyroid production.

Selenium functions within the body as a component of several proteins referred to as ______.

selenoproteins

Exceeding the daily UL for selenium can lead to toxicity, known as

selenosis

What are causes of fluorosis in children?

swallowing toothpaste swallowing dental rinses

What gland uses iodine?

thyroid gland

______ minerals perform vital roles in the body although the body only requires consumption of less than 100mg/day.

trace

True or false: Fluoridated water over a lifetime may reduce a person's likelihood of tooth decay by 25%.

true

True or false: Trace minerals that have yet to have a clearly identified function in humans include boron, nickel, vanadium, arsenic, lithium, and silicon.

true

Which of the following groups has marginally adequate intakes of iodine?

young American women