Chapter 12 Biology

According to Chargaff's rule of base pairing, which of the following is true about DNA?

A=T, and C=G

Which of the following researchers used radioactive markers in experiments to show that DNA was the genetic material in cells?

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

The Hershey-Chase experiments on bacteriophages showed that genetic information is carried in

DNA

The enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA is called

DNA polymerase

The main enzyme involved in linking individual nucleotides into DNA molecules is

DNA polymerase

What was the significance of the radioactive isotopes Hershey and Chase chose?

Phosphorus is abundant in DNA, while sulfur is abundant in protein

The technique Franklin used to study DNA was

X-ray diffraction

In base pairing between DNA strands, hydrogen bonds are formed between

adenine and thymine

A nucleotide does NOT contain

an amino acid

Before DNA could definitively be shown to be the genetic material in cells, scientists had to show that it could

carry and make copies of information

In prokaryotes, DNA molecules are located in the

cytoplasm

Nucleotides are joined together to form the DNA chain by links between

deoxyribose molecules and phosphate groups

Avery's team repeated Griffith's experiments because the wanted to

determine which molecule in the heat-killed bacteria was the transformation factor.

In eukaryotes, DNA replication begins at

dozens or even hundreds of places on the DNA molecule

In eukaryotes, nearly all the DNA is found in the

nucleus

All nucleotides contain each of the following EXCEPT a

protein

Before a cell divides, it duplicates its DNA in a process called

replication

The diagram shows the process of DNA

replication

What radioactive isotopes were used in the Hershey-Chase experiments?

sulfur-35 and phosphorus-32

DNA at the tips of chromosomes are known as

telomeres

The process by which one strain of bacterium is apparently changed into another strain is called

transformation

Bacteriophages are

viruses that kill bacteria

The bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together come from

weak hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.