Chapter 12 Chemistry Test
Phase diagram
A graph showing the relationship between the states of a substance at various temperatures and pressures
Effusion
A process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening
Barometer
An instrument designed to measure atmospheric pressure
Condensation
As molecules lose heat, they lose kinetic energy and speed, causing them to come closer together
The partial pressure of a gas depends on
Concentration of the gas, identity of the gas, temperature of the gas
True or False? During effusion, a gas escapes through a tiny opening into a vacuum
False
True or False? Lighter gas particles diffuse less rapidly than do heavier gas particles
False
True or False? The density of a gas decreases as its compressed
False (Increases)
Pressure
Force per unit of volume
Deposition
Gas turns to a solid without entering the liquid phase inbetween
Vaporization
Molecules gain such large amounts of kinetic energy from heating up they become a gas
Evaporation
Molecules move and shake so much from being heated they escape to the atmosphere as a vapor
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Sublimation
Solid turns to a gas without entering the liquid phase
Freezing
Temperature at which a liquid is converted into a crystalline solid
Melting
Temperature at which the forces holding a crystalline lattice together are broken
Boiling
Temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external or atmospheric pressure
Vapor pressure
The vapor above a liquid inside of a sealed container
True or False? A gas can flow into a space occupied by another gas
True
True or False? Gases are less dense than solids because there is a lot of space between the particles of a gas
True
True or False? The diffusion of a gas is caused by the random motion of the particles of the gas
True
True or False? The diffusion of a gas is caused by the random motion of the particles of the gas.
True
True or False? The random motion of gas particles causes a gas to expand until it fills its container
True
What causes a liquid to boil?
When its vapor pressure = external pressure
The height of a liquid in a barometer is affected by
altitude, atmospheric pressure, and density of the liquid
Kinetic molecular theory
describes the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion
Ionic solids have a (higher/lower) boiling point than molecular solids
higher
A line between two phases shows
the conditions of temperature and pressure at which phase changes are occuring
Critical point
the temperature and pressure at which the gas and liquid states of a substance become identical and form one phase (a substance cannot become a gas ta this phase)
Triple point
the temperature and pressure conditions at which the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a substance coexist at equilibrium