Chapter 12 MGMT 372
What are the six universal types of leadership according to the GLOBE project?
(1) Charismatic/value-based leadership: the ability to inspire, to motivate, and to promote high performance; includes being visionary, self-sacrificing, trustworthy, decisive, and performance oriented. (2) Team-oriented leadership: emphasizes team building and creating a sense of common purpose; includes being collaborative, diplomatic, and administratively competent. (3) Participative leadership: the extent to which leaders involve others in making decisions; includes being participative and non-autocratic. (4) Humane-oriented leadership: being supportive, considerate, compassionate, and generous; includes displaying modesty and sensitivity. (5) Autonomous leadership: being independent and individualist; includes being autonomous and unique. (6) Self-protective leadership: behaviors intending to ensure the safety and security of the leader and the group; includes being self-centered, status conscious, conflict inducing, and face saving
What is a charismatic leader? What are three attributes of a charismatic leader?
Charismatic leadership: A type of influence based on the leader's personal charisma 3 Attributes: - Envisioning: articulating a compelling vision, setting high expectations, modeling consistent behaviors - Energizing: demonstrating personal excitement, expressing personal confidence, seeking/finding/using success - Enabling: expressing personal support, empathizing, expressing confidence in people
What are the leadership styles and contingencies Hersey & Blanchard's Life Cycle Theory of Leadership?
Hersey and Blanchard model: Based on the premise that appropriate leader behavior depends on the "readiness" of the leader's followers (i.e., the subordinate's degree of motivation, competence, experience, and interest in accepting responsibility) Telling Style: subordinate readiness is low, for example, the leader should provide direction and defining roles. Selling Style: low to moderate readiness exists, offering direction and role definition accompanied by explanation and information. Participating Style: moderate to high follower readiness, allowing followers to share in decision making. Delegating Style: follower readiness is high, allowing followers to work independently with little or no oversight.
What is the attributional perspective of leadership?
Holds that when behaviors are observed in a context associated with leadership, different people may attribute varying levels of leadership ability or power to the person displaying those behaviors
What are substitutes and neutralizers for leadership? What are some examples of each?
Leadership Substitutes: Individual, task, and organizational characteristics that tend to outweigh the leader's ability to affect subordinates' satisfaction and performance. if certain factors are present, the employee will perform his or her job capably without the direction of a leader EX. Individual ability, experience, training, knowledge, motivation, and professional orientation, Explicit plans and goals, rules and procedures, cohesive work groups, a rigid reward structure, and physical distance between supervisor and subordinate Leadership Neutralizers: Factors that render ineffective a leader's attempts to engage in various leadership behaviors. the leader's ability to alter the situation is neutralized by elements in that situation. EX. a relatively new and inexperienced leader is assigned to a workgroup composed of very experienced employees with long-standing performance norms and a high level of group cohesiveness
What is a transformational leader? What are the four dimensions of a transformational leader?
Transformational leadership: The set of abilities that allows the leader to recognize the need for change, to create a vision to guide that change, and to execute the change effectively Dimensions: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration
What do leaders do to act more as coaches?
coaching perspective would call for the leader to: - help select team members and other new employees - provide some general direction - help train and develop the team and the skills of its members - help the team get the information and other resources it needs - may also have to help resolve conflict among team members and mediate other disputes that arise
What is the general idea behind the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model? How are the experiences of members of the in- and out-groups different?
leader-member exchange model (LMX) of leadership: Stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and each of their subordinates in-group: Often receives special duties requiring more responsibility and autonomy; they may also receive special privileges, such as more discretion about work schedules out-group: Receive less of the supervisor's time and attention and are likely to be assigned the more mundane tasks the group must perform and not be "in the loop" when information is being shared
What does it mean to be a strategic leader? Ethical? Virtual?
strategic leadership: The capability to understand the complexities of both the organization and its environment and to lead change in the organization so as to achieve and maintain a superior alignment between the organization and its environment Ethical leadership: The process of leading based on consistent principles of ethical conduct virtual leadership: Leadership via distance technologies
How do women act differently as leaders than men? Why?
women have a tendency to be slightly more democratic in making decisions, whereas men have a similar tendency to be somewhat more autocratic. WHY: - women may tend to have stronger interpersonal skills than men and are hence better able to effectively involve others in making decisions. - women may encounter more stereotypic resistance to their occupying senior roles. If this is the case, they may actively work to involve others in making decisions
