Chapter 12 (Pre-quiz) : Lymphatic system
What cells make antibodies? memory B cells memory T cells cytotoxic T cells plasma B cells
plasma B cells
What does fever accomplish? Fever prevents the spread of pathogens to adjacent tissues. Fever promotes cell lysis by direct cell attack. Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process. Fever prevents the formation of complement fixation. Fever enables macrophages to attack microorganisms.
Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process.
All lymph rejoins the bloodstream via the subclavian veins. True False
True
Anaphylactic shock, an acute systemic allergic response, causes vasodilation and difficulty breathing. True False
True
Art Labeling Activity: Figure 12.16. Drag the labels to the appropriate location in the figure.
Up part: - Antigen > Antigen - Antibody complex < Antibody; Inactivates by > Neutralization, Agglutination, Precipitation; Fixes and activates > Complement. Down part: - Enhances > Phagocytosis; Enhance and Lead to > Inflammation, Histamine release, Chemotaxis, Cell lysis
If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated? antibody-mediated immunity humoral immunity cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)
cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)
All lymph flows in a one-way system toward the ________. heart liver pancreas spleen
heart
Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease? systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) lung cancer type 1 diabetes mellitus multiple sclerosis (MS)
lung cancer
What tissue or organ filters lymph? lymph node tonsils Peyer's patches spleen
lymph node
The process by which antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins (toxic chemicals secreted by bacteria) to block their harmful effects is called ________. chemotaxis agglutination precipitation neutralization complement fixation
neutralization
What role do plasma cells play in the immune response? present antigens to immune cells secrete cytokines secrete perforins to destroy abnormal cells secrete antibodies into body fluids
secrete antibodies into body fluids
For which of the following would a vaccine NOT be suitable? snake bites polio measles pneumonia tetanus
snake bites
Art Labeling Activity: Figure 12.4 Drag the labels to the appropriate location in the figure.
Afferent lymphatic vessels, Cortex, Medullary cord, Follicle, Medullary sinus, Hilum, Efferent lymphatic vessels, Trabecula, Subcapsular sinus, Capsule and Germinal center in follicle.
Art Labeling Activity: Figure 12.2a,b. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.
Blood capillaries, Lymphatic capillaries, Flaplike minivalve, and Endothelial cell
Adaptive immunity comprises two branches: humoral immunity and cellular immunity. What are the characteristics of each of the two arms of the adaptive defense system? Sort the listed characteristics of adaptive immunity into the correct bin.
Cellular immunity Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Immunocompetency develops in thymus and Activated by exposure to APCs Humoral immunity Produces antibodies, B lymphocytes and Immunocompetency develops in bone marrow Both cellular and humoral immunity Responds to specific antigens, Immunocompetent cells found in lymphoid tissues and Originates from hemocytoblasts in red marrow
Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells? macrophages B cells Cytotoxic T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Which statement is true of antibody IgE? IgE can fix complement. IgE is involved in allergies. IgE is passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy. IgE is mainly found in secretions such as tears and saliva. IgE is the most abundant antibody in blood plasma.
IgE is involved in allergies.
What antibody class is most abundant in plasma, is important in fixing complement, and crosses the placenta to provide protection to a newborn? IgA IgM IgG IgE
IgG
The lymphoid tissues that trap and remove bacteria that enter the throat are indicated by ________. Label A Label B Label C Label D
Label A
The lymphoid organ that destroys worn-out blood cells is indicated by ________. Label A Label B Label C Label D
Label C
What is the body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms? phagocytes natural killer cells inflammatory response skin and mucous membranes fever
Skin and mucous membranes
How do antibodies prevent viruses from attacking cells? They connect viral particles together so they precipitate out. They bind to viral antigens and neutralize the virus particles. They agglutinate viruses. They bind to and activate complement proteins on the viral surface.
They bind to viral antigens and neutralize the virus particles.
How do phagocytic cells protect the body from invading pathogens? They secrete antibodies into body fluids. They activate complement proteins. They remove and destroy pathogens that breach the membrane barrier. They secrete interferon.
They remove and destroy pathogens that breach the membrane barrier.
Which one of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease? Graves' disease multiple sclerosis rheumatoid arthritis allergic contact dermatitis type I diabetes mellitus
allergic contact dermatitis
What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to? pathogen antibody an antigenic determinant antigen
an antigenic determinant
What is the best graft to have so as to avoid rejection of a transplanted tissue? an autograft a xenograft an allograft a graft from a recently deceased individuals a graft from another primate
an autograft
Systemic (body-wide) acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites, is called ________. myasthenia gravis rheumatic fever delayed hypersensitivity anaphylactic shock
anaphylactic shock
Humoral immunity is provided by ________. pyrogens skin and mucous membranes interferon complement fixation antibodies
antibodies
What is the function of complement proteins? activate antibodies interfere with viral replication bind to foreign cells and punch holes in their surfaces stimulate fever
bind to foreign cells and punch holes in their surfaces
Where do B cells develop immunocompetence? thymus gland spleen thyroid gland lymph nodes bone marrow
bone marrow
Membrane attack complexes (MAC) form holes in attacked cells causing them to burst; this is a result of ________. interferon phagocytes complement fixation keratin natural killer cells
complement fixation
What type of T cell directly attacks infected cells? helper T cells plasma cells cytotoxic T cells regulatory T cells
cytotoxic T cells
What is the function of natural killer (NK) cells? direct the activities of other immune cells act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) destroy grafted or transplanted tissues destroy any cancer- or virally infected cell
destroy any cancer- or virally infected cell
What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient? humoral immunity cellular immunity cell-mediated immunity
humoral immunity
What is the benefit of a moderate fever? triggers inflammation inhibits bacterial growth activates complement increases heart rate
inhibits bacterial growth
Tears and mucus membranes would be a part of which defense system? innate external defenses adaptive defenses innate internal defenses
innate external defenses
Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. They would be classified as which type of defense system? innate external defenses adaptive defenses innate internal defenses
innate internal defenses
Within a lymph node, what cells engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances in the lymph? follicles trabeculae macrophages erythrocytes lymphocytes
macrophages
Large antigen-antibody complexes can become insoluble and settle out of solution, a reaction called ________. neutralization precipitation agglutination complement fixation
precipitation
What lymphoid organ produces hormones that direct the maturation of T lymphocytes? tonsil mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue thymus spleen
thymus
Which of the following lymphoid organs functions at peak level during youth? spleen Peyer's patches tonsils lymph nodes thymus
thymus
Artificially acquired passive immunity is conferred when one receives immune serum for poisonous snake bites. True False
True
Chemicals secreted by white blood cells and macrophages exposed to foreign substances that can increase body temperature are called pyrogens. True False
True
Klaus has lymph nodes that are inflamed, swollen, and tender to the touch. Which of these is the likely cause? cancer elsewhere in the body He has cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes. a bacterial infection in the lymph node a bacterial infection somewhere else in the body
a bacterial infection in the lymph node
Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses? the inflammatory response antibody production natural killer cells intact skin fever
antibody production
What is humoral immunity? action of natural killer (NK) cells antibody-mediated immune response response to cytokines immune response of T lymphocytes
antibody-mediated immune response
Which of the following is often used to treat allergies? bone marrow transplants antihistamines blood transfusions immunosuppressor drugs vaccines
antihistamines
In an allergic person, which of the following would result in anaphylactic shock? orally ingested antibiotic inhaled pollen bee sting All of these would cause anaphylactic shock.
bee sting
The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process is called ________. coagulation chemotaxis antibody production diapedesis agglutination
diapedesis
Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________. edema stroke MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue) shock
edema
Which of these is found on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC)? self-antigen fragments of foreign pathogens ingested by the cell cytokines antibodies
fragments of foreign pathogens ingested by the cell
A penicillin reaction is a life-threatening event. In those who are allergic to penicillin, the drug acts as a __________ that binds to blood proteins, causing a strong immune response. complement cytotoxin cytokine hapten
hapten
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, targets and destroys __________. helper T cells B cells cytotoxic T cells memory cells
helper T cells
Fluids that have escaped the cardiovascular system are picked up by the ________. endocrine system immune system respiratory system lymphatic system
lymphatic system
Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver? thymus gland tonsils appendix spleen Peyer's patches
spleen
What happens to the fluid filtered from blood capillaries? It is excreted in sweat. It becomes interstitial fluid, enters lymphatic vessels, and is returned to the bloodstream. The spleen returns the fluid to the bloodstream. It is excreted as urine.
It becomes interstitial fluid, enters lymphatic vessels, and is returned to the bloodstream.
Due to a recent respiratory illness from a viral infection , Jennifer has now developed ________. artificially acquired active immunity naturally acquired active immunity artificially acquired passive immunity naturally acquired passive immunity passively acquired natural immunity
naturally acquired active immunity
What lymphoid organ stores platelets and acts as a blood reservoir? thymus tonsils appendix spleen Peyer's patches
spleen
Match the following biological function with its antibody class. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.
1. Memory cell: Cell that may exist in the body for years and enable a quick response to subsequent meetings with the same antigen 2. Regulatory T cell: Cell that slows or stops B and T cell activity once infection has been conquered 3. Plasma cell: Cell that produces huge numbers of the same antibody (immunoglobulin) 4. Cytotoxic T cell: Cell that kills virus-infected cells, cancerous cells, and is involved in graft rejection 5. Antigen-presenting cell (APC): Cells that engulf and present parts of antigens on the membrane for recognition by T cells bearing receptors for the same antigen 6. B cell: Cell that develops immunocompetence in the bone marrow 7. Helper T cell: Cell that directs the adaptive immune response by recruiting other cells to fight the invaders
Art Labeling Activity: Figure 12.1 Drag the labels to the appropriate location in the figure.
Venous system + Heart + Arterial system Venous system: Lymph duct, Lymph node, Lymph capillary, and Blood capillaries. Arterial system: Lymph trunk, Lymphatic collecting vessels with valves, and Tissue fluid become lymph.