Chapter 12 (Pre-quiz) : Lymphatic system

What cells make antibodies? memory B cells memory T cells cytotoxic T cells plasma B cells

plasma B cells

What does fever accomplish? Fever prevents the spread of pathogens to adjacent tissues. Fever promotes cell lysis by direct cell attack. Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process. Fever prevents the formation of complement fixation. Fever enables macrophages to attack microorganisms.

Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process.

All lymph rejoins the bloodstream via the subclavian veins. True False

True

Anaphylactic shock, an acute systemic allergic response, causes vasodilation and difficulty breathing. True False

True

Art Labeling Activity: Figure 12.16. Drag the labels to the appropriate location in the figure.

Up part: - Antigen > Antigen - Antibody complex < Antibody; Inactivates by > Neutralization, Agglutination, Precipitation; Fixes and activates > Complement. Down part: - Enhances > Phagocytosis; Enhance and Lead to > Inflammation, Histamine release, Chemotaxis, Cell lysis

If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated? antibody-mediated immunity humoral immunity cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)

cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)

All lymph flows in a one-way system toward the ________. heart liver pancreas spleen

heart

Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease? systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) lung cancer type 1 diabetes mellitus multiple sclerosis (MS)

lung cancer

What tissue or organ filters lymph? lymph node tonsils Peyer's patches spleen

lymph node

The process by which antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins (toxic chemicals secreted by bacteria) to block their harmful effects is called ________. chemotaxis agglutination precipitation neutralization complement fixation

neutralization

What role do plasma cells play in the immune response? present antigens to immune cells secrete cytokines secrete perforins to destroy abnormal cells secrete antibodies into body fluids

secrete antibodies into body fluids

For which of the following would a vaccine NOT be suitable? snake bites polio measles pneumonia tetanus

snake bites

Art Labeling Activity: Figure 12.4 Drag the labels to the appropriate location in the figure.

Afferent lymphatic vessels, Cortex, Medullary cord, Follicle, Medullary sinus, Hilum, Efferent lymphatic vessels, Trabecula, Subcapsular sinus, Capsule and Germinal center in follicle.

Art Labeling Activity: Figure 12.2a,b. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

Blood capillaries, Lymphatic capillaries, Flaplike minivalve, and Endothelial cell

Adaptive immunity comprises two branches: humoral immunity and cellular immunity. What are the characteristics of each of the two arms of the adaptive defense system? Sort the listed characteristics of adaptive immunity into the correct bin.

Cellular immunity Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Immunocompetency develops in thymus and Activated by exposure to APCs Humoral immunity Produces antibodies, B lymphocytes and Immunocompetency develops in bone marrow Both cellular and humoral immunity Responds to specific antigens, Immunocompetent cells found in lymphoid tissues and Originates from hemocytoblasts in red marrow

Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells? macrophages B cells Cytotoxic T cells

Cytotoxic T cells

Which statement is true of antibody IgE? IgE can fix complement. IgE is involved in allergies. IgE is passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy. IgE is mainly found in secretions such as tears and saliva. IgE is the most abundant antibody in blood plasma.

IgE is involved in allergies.

What antibody class is most abundant in plasma, is important in fixing complement, and crosses the placenta to provide protection to a newborn? IgA IgM IgG IgE

IgG

The lymphoid tissues that trap and remove bacteria that enter the throat are indicated by ________. Label A Label B Label C Label D

Label A

The lymphoid organ that destroys worn-out blood cells is indicated by ________. Label A Label B Label C Label D

Label C

What is the body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms? phagocytes natural killer cells inflammatory response skin and mucous membranes fever

Skin and mucous membranes

How do antibodies prevent viruses from attacking cells? They connect viral particles together so they precipitate out. They bind to viral antigens and neutralize the virus particles. They agglutinate viruses. They bind to and activate complement proteins on the viral surface.

They bind to viral antigens and neutralize the virus particles.

How do phagocytic cells protect the body from invading pathogens? They secrete antibodies into body fluids. They activate complement proteins. They remove and destroy pathogens that breach the membrane barrier. They secrete interferon.

They remove and destroy pathogens that breach the membrane barrier.

Which one of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease? Graves' disease multiple sclerosis rheumatoid arthritis allergic contact dermatitis type I diabetes mellitus

allergic contact dermatitis

What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to? pathogen antibody an antigenic determinant antigen

an antigenic determinant

What is the best graft to have so as to avoid rejection of a transplanted tissue? an autograft a xenograft an allograft a graft from a recently deceased individuals a graft from another primate

an autograft

Systemic (body-wide) acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites, is called ________. myasthenia gravis rheumatic fever delayed hypersensitivity anaphylactic shock

anaphylactic shock

Humoral immunity is provided by ________. pyrogens skin and mucous membranes interferon complement fixation antibodies

antibodies

What is the function of complement proteins? activate antibodies interfere with viral replication bind to foreign cells and punch holes in their surfaces stimulate fever

bind to foreign cells and punch holes in their surfaces

Where do B cells develop immunocompetence? thymus gland spleen thyroid gland lymph nodes bone marrow

bone marrow

Membrane attack complexes (MAC) form holes in attacked cells causing them to burst; this is a result of ________. interferon phagocytes complement fixation keratin natural killer cells

complement fixation

What type of T cell directly attacks infected cells? helper T cells plasma cells cytotoxic T cells regulatory T cells

cytotoxic T cells

What is the function of natural killer (NK) cells? direct the activities of other immune cells act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) destroy grafted or transplanted tissues destroy any cancer- or virally infected cell

destroy any cancer- or virally infected cell

What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient? humoral immunity cellular immunity cell-mediated immunity

humoral immunity

What is the benefit of a moderate fever? triggers inflammation inhibits bacterial growth activates complement increases heart rate

inhibits bacterial growth

Tears and mucus membranes would be a part of which defense system? innate external defenses adaptive defenses innate internal defenses

innate external defenses

Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. They would be classified as which type of defense system? innate external defenses adaptive defenses innate internal defenses

innate internal defenses

Within a lymph node, what cells engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances in the lymph? follicles trabeculae macrophages erythrocytes lymphocytes

macrophages

Large antigen-antibody complexes can become insoluble and settle out of solution, a reaction called ________. neutralization precipitation agglutination complement fixation

precipitation

What lymphoid organ produces hormones that direct the maturation of T lymphocytes? tonsil mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue thymus spleen

thymus

Which of the following lymphoid organs functions at peak level during youth? spleen Peyer's patches tonsils lymph nodes thymus

thymus

Artificially acquired passive immunity is conferred when one receives immune serum for poisonous snake bites. True False

True

Chemicals secreted by white blood cells and macrophages exposed to foreign substances that can increase body temperature are called pyrogens. True False

True

Klaus has lymph nodes that are inflamed, swollen, and tender to the touch. Which of these is the likely cause? cancer elsewhere in the body He has cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes. a bacterial infection in the lymph node a bacterial infection somewhere else in the body

a bacterial infection in the lymph node

Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses? the inflammatory response antibody production natural killer cells intact skin fever

antibody production

What is humoral immunity? action of natural killer (NK) cells antibody-mediated immune response response to cytokines immune response of T lymphocytes

antibody-mediated immune response

Which of the following is often used to treat allergies? bone marrow transplants antihistamines blood transfusions immunosuppressor drugs vaccines

antihistamines

In an allergic person, which of the following would result in anaphylactic shock? orally ingested antibiotic inhaled pollen bee sting All of these would cause anaphylactic shock.

bee sting

The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process is called ________. coagulation chemotaxis antibody production diapedesis agglutination

diapedesis

Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________. edema stroke MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue) shock

edema

Which of these is found on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC)? self-antigen fragments of foreign pathogens ingested by the cell cytokines antibodies

fragments of foreign pathogens ingested by the cell

A penicillin reaction is a life-threatening event. In those who are allergic to penicillin, the drug acts as a __________ that binds to blood proteins, causing a strong immune response. complement cytotoxin cytokine hapten

hapten

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, targets and destroys __________. helper T cells B cells cytotoxic T cells memory cells

helper T cells

Fluids that have escaped the cardiovascular system are picked up by the ________. endocrine system immune system respiratory system lymphatic system

lymphatic system

Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver? thymus gland tonsils appendix spleen Peyer's patches

spleen

What happens to the fluid filtered from blood capillaries? It is excreted in sweat. It becomes interstitial fluid, enters lymphatic vessels, and is returned to the bloodstream. The spleen returns the fluid to the bloodstream. It is excreted as urine.

It becomes interstitial fluid, enters lymphatic vessels, and is returned to the bloodstream.

Due to a recent respiratory illness from a viral infection , Jennifer has now developed ________. artificially acquired active immunity naturally acquired active immunity artificially acquired passive immunity naturally acquired passive immunity passively acquired natural immunity

naturally acquired active immunity

What lymphoid organ stores platelets and acts as a blood reservoir? thymus tonsils appendix spleen Peyer's patches

spleen

Match the following biological function with its antibody class. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.

1. Memory cell: Cell that may exist in the body for years and enable a quick response to subsequent meetings with the same antigen 2. Regulatory T cell: Cell that slows or stops B and T cell activity once infection has been conquered 3. Plasma cell: Cell that produces huge numbers of the same antibody (immunoglobulin) 4. Cytotoxic T cell: Cell that kills virus-infected cells, cancerous cells, and is involved in graft rejection 5. Antigen-presenting cell (APC): Cells that engulf and present parts of antigens on the membrane for recognition by T cells bearing receptors for the same antigen 6. B cell: Cell that develops immunocompetence in the bone marrow 7. Helper T cell: Cell that directs the adaptive immune response by recruiting other cells to fight the invaders

Art Labeling Activity: Figure 12.1 Drag the labels to the appropriate location in the figure.

Venous system + Heart + Arterial system Venous system: Lymph duct, Lymph node, Lymph capillary, and Blood capillaries. Arterial system: Lymph trunk, Lymphatic collecting vessels with valves, and Tissue fluid become lymph.