Chapter 12 - Romanesque Europe Multiple Choice

The __ is the covered courtyard in a monastery where monks and nuns prayed and meditated in quiet seclusion

cloister

The intersection of two barrel vaults creates which of the following?

groin vault

The Cistercian monk who criticized the elaborate sculptural decoration in cloisters was __

Bernard of Clairvaux

__ was the artist of one of the earliest sets of Romanesque reliefs at Saint-Sermin

Bernardus Gelduinus

__, in northern Spain, boasts more Romanesque murals than anywhere else in Europe

Catalonia

The monks of the __ order were one of the primary patrons of Romanesque sculpture

Cluniac

Which of the following churches was the largest in Europe until the new St. Peter's in Rome was constructed in the 17th century?

Cluny III

The Bayeux Tapestry is unique in Romanesque art. Which of the following supports the claim?

It depicted an actual event in full detail shortly after it occured

The mission of the __, the earliest crusading knights, was to protect Christians visiting Christian shrines in the Holy Land

Knights Templar

__ is the church most closely associated with the crusades

La Madeleine, Vézelay

__ was the economic system that was gradually replaced by the growth of towns and cities during the Romanesque period

Monasticism

The Romanesque church that had a wooden ceiling like those found in the Early Christian basilicas was which of the following?

San Miniato, Florence

Saint-Savin is a hall church with paintings on the continuous vault of the nave. Which of the following allows for this?

The aisles are approximately the same height as the nave

__ were innovative architectural features that appeared at Cluny III

a three-story elevation and pointed arches

Which of the following encouraged the growth of towns and cities?

an increase in trade

Which of the architectural elements below was used for the exterior supports on Romanesque buildings?

buttresses

The __ were Christian campaigns to reclaim the Holy Land from the Muslims

crusades

The nave of pilgrimage churches, such as Saint-Sernin at Toulouse and Saint James, were covered by a

cut-stone barrel vault

One of the primary reasons that Bernard of Clairvaux criticized the profusion of sculptural decoration in Romanesque cloister was because it __

distracted the viewer from reading and prayer

The term Roman-like was adopted to describe the architecture of the Romanesque period, because it relied on elements of Roman architecture such as __

groin and barrel vaults

A(n) __ church is one in which the aisles are approximately the same height as the nave

hall

Pilgrims believed that relics could __

heal body and soul

The ornate sculpture facade of Notre-Dame-la-Grande demonstrates the importance of having sculptural decoration visible to the __

laity

Saint Faith at Conques, Saint James at Santiago de Compostela and Saint-Sernin at Toulouse are all examples of __ churches

pilgrimage

Pilgrims often journeyed to churches to view __, which were the material remains of the holy figures

relics

One of the most obvious differences between Cistercian churches such as Notre-Dame at Fontenay and other Romanesque churches is the absence of __

sculptural decoration

At Pentecost the Apostles were called to __

spread the Gospels to all peoples

One of the factors that contributed to the enormous surge in church building during the Romanesque period was the __

thanksgiving experienced at the peaceful conclusion of the first millenium

In the Romanesque period church interiors became impressive acoustical settings for church services. Which of the following architectural elements allowed for the excellent acoustic?

the continuous barrel-vaulted naves

...

the survival of ancient Roman ruins

During the Romanesque period the vision of Christ's Second Coming was often depicted on which of the following?

the tympanum

The purpose of tribunes such as those found at Saint James at Santiago de Compostela and Saint-Sernin Toulouse was __

to house the overflow crowds and to buttress the weight of the vaults

The primary motivation for undertaking a pilgrimage, which was extremely dangerous and could often last a year, was __

to seek salvation or a cure

The __ is the semi-circular are above the lintel of a Romanesque portal

tympanum

Of the following characteristics, which is not relevant to Italian church architecture?

verticality