Chapter 12 Search and Rescue
An important question to ask is?
"Are you sure that no one else was home"
Which phrase is used to communicate that the primary search has been completed?
"Primary search is all clear"
Occupants who are close to the fire, above the fire, or in the fire flow path are usually at__________ than occupants who are located farther away from the fire.
Greater risk
Which method for evacuation for victims should be avoided whenever possible?
Ground ladder
This can be used to extend the firefighters reach during a sweep for unconscious victims.
Hand tool
When lives can be saved, how much risk is justified in trying to save them
High
Actions that present a__________ to the safety of firefighters are justified only if victims are known or believed to be in immediate danger and there is a reasonable probability that lives can be saved,
High level of risk
For which occupancy is shelter in place most likely to be the best option?
High rise
In some situations, the best option is to shelter the occupant in place instead of trying to remove them from the building. This option should only be considered when the occupants are conscious and are found in a part of the building that is adequately protected from the fiery fire-resistive construction of fire suppression systems. Such a situation occurs in a __________ when a fire is confined to one apartment or one floor.
High rise apartment building
If smoke and fire restrict visibility, fire fighters must use sound and touch to find victims. Every few seconds a member of the search team should yell out for a victim and then?
Hold their breath to quiet your breathing regulator, and stop moving.
A search team that is working close to the fire should carry a__________ or be accompanied by another team with one.
Hose line
During a fire where is a child likely to hide?
In a closet
What does the I in O-VEIS stand for?
Isolate
What is the major drawback of the two person seat carry?
It is difficult to move through doors
Where should a search rope be anchored
Just outside of the entry point
During an O-VEIS operation, where is the officer located?
Just outside the window
The oriented search method takes how much time compared to the standard search method.
Less time
How much risk to fire fighters' lives is acceptable in attempting to save property?
Limited
What level of risk is acceptable to save property?
Limited
The team search method is especially useful for a rapid intervention crew working to locate a?
Missed, downed, or trapped firefighter in a large space.
The visible smoke and fire conditions can provide clues to the location and intensity of the fire. Observe the volume and density of the smoke and the velocity of the smoke movement. More volume, darker color, and greater speed may indicate?
More severe fire conditions
By necessity, the primary search is conducted quickly and gives priority to those areas where victims are?
Most likely to be located
The two person chair carry is particularly useful in?
Narrow corridors
Should search and rescue operations take place if there is no chance or saving life or property?
No
How much risk is acceptable when there is no possibility of saving lives or property?
No risk
Do you need any equipment to preform an emergency drag from a vehicle?
None
Sounding the FLOOR is?
Not a valid measure of stability and should be discouraged
When rescuing building occupants firefighters should rescue__________.
Occupants who are in the most immediate danger first, followed by those who are in less danger
When lowering an unconscious child down a ladder, where should the rescuer's hand be
On the beams
When rescuing an unconscious victim from a window, how many fire fighters enter the window to assist the victim
One
Search teams may have how much time to conduct a primary search
Only a few minutes (Should be done within 15)
Depending on the size of the room, scene conditions, potential number of victims, and number of available team members, a primary search using the __________ method is conducted using a search team consisting of an officer or team leader and one to three searchers.
Oriented search
By staying outside of the rooms being searched, the officer is in a better position to note these changes than the search team who is searching inside the individual rooms. What type of search method is this?
Oriented search method
In this type of search method the officer controls the door and monitors the means of exit for the search team. If possibly, there should be a primary exit and a second one that can be used if the first one becomes untenable.
Oriented search method
In this type of search method the officer remains outside the individual rooms that are being searched, and a single searcher or multiple searchers systematically search one room at a time using the right handed or left handed search method.
Oriented search method
In this type of search method, the officer keeps track of which room have yet to be searched and which have been already.
Oriented search method
A primary search using the __________ method is conducted using a search team consisting of an officer or team leader and one searcher. The team places a ladder in front of the window leading to the room or to the porch in front of the room to bed searched. They then climb to the window or porch roof and assess the situation.
Oriented-Vent-Enter-Isolate-Search (O-VEIS)
A safer modification of the VES method is the?
Oriented-Vent-Enter-Isolate-Search method (O-VEIS)
This method stresses the need to quickly close the door between the room to be searched and the rest of the house.
Oriented-Vent-Enter-Isolate-Search method (O-VEIS)
during the O-VEIS search method where is the officer and what is he doing?
Outside of the window to continue to asses the situation in the room, maintain radio contact, and monitor activities in other parts of the fire ground.
The secondary search should be conducted in an orderly, systematic manner to ensure that all areas have been searched. In some instances it may be most efficient to start the secondary search in the areas less affected by the fire. This is especially true when __________ is still occurring in the burned parts of the building.
Overhaul
These may be used during search operations to provide searchers with an anchor point that will help them maintain their orientations while searching for victims. This is especially useful in searching large areas.
Search rops
During the O-VEIS search method the __________ quickly enters the room. As soon as possible, this firefighter locates the door to the hallway and immediately closes it.
Searcher
At this point, remaining occupants may have been exposed to conditions that cannot support life, such as flashover, The main purpose of the __________ is to find any occupants or victims who were not found in the primary search.
Secondary search
The purpose of the __________ is to locate any occupants or victims who are unaccounted for and were not found and removed during the primary search.
Secondary search
This type of search is conducted after the fire has been suppressed.
Secondary search
If the room is large, it may be necessary for searchers to perform side crawls to check the center parts of the room. To do this, one searcher stays close to the wall at all times and a partner may move closer to the center of the room with two or three __________.
Side crawls
In what fashion is the secondary search performed?
Slowly and methodically to ensure that no areas are overlooked. Areas that could not be covered during the primary search are covered during the secondary search.
Several factors determine the level of risk faced by the occupants of a burning building-namely, the location of the fire within the building, the direction of the fire spread, the speed and direction of the wind, the volume and intensity of the fire and__________ in different areas the structure.
Smoke conditions
Firefighters need to recognize that a room that has flashed over is not survivable even for a fire fighter in full personal protective equipment for more than__________.
A few seconds
Firefighters should never assume that a building is unoccupied. The only way to confirm that every occupant has safely evacuated the building is to conduct__________.
A thorough search
VES is?
A very dangerous method of search and should not be used
possibilityThe first firefighters to arrive must always consider the posibility that lives could be in danger and__________.
Act accordingly
Once a room has been searched, searchers should use chalk, felt tip markers, spray paint, or masking tape to mark the door. This marking lets other personnel know that the room has?
Already been searched
In the standard search method searchers conduct a quick and systematic search by staying on?
An outside wall of a room
When is the secondary search conducted?
As soon as the fire is under control or fully extinguished and there are sufficient resources available.
Two types of searches are performed in buildings, they are?
-Primary -Secondary
Some fire departments use a two part marking system to indicate when a search is in progress and when it has been completed: In this system what marks are used and what do they mean?
- A diagonal slash (/) indicates that a search is in progress - An (X) indicates that the search has been completed
The team search method also known as the __________ method, of conducting a primary search, uses a search rope or hose to provide searchers with an anchor point to keep them in contact with each other and with the egress (exit) route from a burning building. The search team includes an anchor person who ties off the search rope to a stationary object that is located outside the building about __________ outside the exit door. As the searchers progress through the building, the anchor person feeds the line out while keeping slight tension on it at a comfortable height above the floor.
-Rope search -10ft
Search and rescue are almost always performed in tandem, yet they are actually__________. The purpose of__________ operations is to locate living victims. The purpose of__________ operations is to physically remove an occupant or victim from a dangerous environment.
-Separate Actions -Search -Rescue
What are the four methods of conducting a primary search?
-Standard search method -Oriented search method -O-VEIS method -Team search method
When rescuing an unconscious child or small adult from a window, how many rescuers enter the window to assist the victim
1
How long should a primary search take?
15 minutes
One or two search teams can usually go through al of the rooms in a single-family dwelling in how long?
15 minutes or less
Ladder rescues should be preformed with at least __________ whenever possible.
2 firefighters
When rescuing an unconscious person from a window using a ladder, where is the second firefighter positioned?
A couple rungs below the ladder tip
Air that looks clear can contain high concentrations of poisonous gases and small suspended particles of toxic by-products of fire. Approximately__________ of these particles are invisible to the human eye.
97%
Which carry works best for children and small adults
Cradle in arms carry
A major benefit of a thermal imaging device is that is can see the heat signature of a person in conditions of total darkness or through smoke that totally obscures normal vision. Remember that a thermal imaging device does not see fire it measures heat flux-that is the heat that is given off by an object-and shows differences in the amount of heat given off by__________ or from different parts of the room.
Different objects
For personal performing search and rescue operations, which item is especially important to maintain control of the flow path?
Door control
Which method is best suited for removing an unconscious victim from a dangerous location?
Drag
Because it is difficult to determine a buildings layout or floor plan in the midst of an emergency, firefighters often conduct__________ of buildings such as apartment complexes and offices.
Pre incident surveys
What is the best source of information for identifying building layout, stairways, and exits?
Pre-incident plan
Which step should be preformed before beginning search and rescue?
Preform a risk/benefit analysis
An immediate and quick attempt to locate any potential victims who are in danger.
Primary search
In this search, firefighters rapidly search the accessible areas of a burning structure where conditions may still permit human life to exist. The objective of this search is to find any potential victims as quickly as possible.
Primary search
The purpose of the __________ is to locate victims and remove them from the hazardous environment.
Primary search
This search should be as thorough as time permits and should cover any places where victims are likely to be found.
Primary search
When firefighters complete the primary search, they have gone as far as they can and have removed anyone who was rescued. This phrase should be used to report that the primary search has been completed.
Primary search all clear
In essence, the searchers act as a__________ to determine which areas are involved and where a fire might spread. They report this informations to the IC, who develops the overall fire suppression plan.
Reconnaissance team
During a secondary search it is important to remain alert for conditions indicating an unstable structure that may result in a collapse. Continue to watch for signs of?
Rekindle
The O-VEIS method is most acceptable for which circumstances?
Residential bedrooms accessible by a porch roof
What type of building is the standard search method most commonly used for.
Residential fires (Two firefighters should be able to search the house within 15 minutes)
For which type of search pattern do firefighters turn right upon entering a room and then turn left around each corner around the room?
Right handed
Weighing the potential danger to fire fighters against the potential for saving a life is called
Risk/Benefit analysis
A plan that identifies the areas to be searched, the priorities for searching different areas, the number of search teams required, and any additional actions needed to support the search and rescue activities.
Search plan
When assisting a conscious person down a ladder, how can the rescuer maintain control of the victims descent?
Squeeze the victim against the ladder
In the __________ search method the fire fighter closest to the wall keeps his or her left or right shoulder closest to the wall at all times. Fire fighters must follow walls and note turns and doorways to avoid becoming lost.
Standard
In this type of primary search method the search is conducted with a search team of two or more members
Standard search method
This search method is the most commonly taught method primary search.
Standard search method
A__________ approach will ensure that every occupant who can possibly be saved is successfully located and removed from danger.
Systematic
Multiple search teams and a __________ of the building are needed to cover larger structures such as apartment buildings, and high-rise buildings.
Systematic division
What search technique is well-suited for trying to search a large area such as a warehouse?
Team search
Which area is a secondary search priority?
The area directly above the fire
When using the clothes drag, what supports the victim's head?
The rescuers arms
How should and unconscious child be carried down a ladder?
The victim cradled across the rescuers arms
A firefighter drag should be used when?
The victim is heavier than the rescuer
The secondary search team needs to wear proper PPE, including SCBA, helmets, and gloves, and structural firefighting gear. They should continue to use SCBA until the air quality has been?
Thoroughly tested
What is the main purpose of the secondary search?
To locate any victims not found in the primary search
An offensive attack initiated by a quick indirect, exterior attack into the fire compartment to initiate cooling and darken the fire, allowing firefighters to quickly transition into an interior attack for final suppression.
Transitional attack
An offensive fire attack initiated by an exterior, indirect handling operation into the fire compartment to initiate cooling while transitioning into interior direct fire attack in coordination with ventilation operations.
Transitional attack
Firefighters should employ standard techniques to search assigned areas quickly, efficiently, and safely. They should operate in teams__________ and should always stay close together.
Two or more
When lowering an unconscious victim down a ladder, what is the position of the victim?
Upright with back towards the ladder
The __________ of conducting a primary search was developed for situations in which there is a porch located in front of a bedroom window and a person in the bedroom needs to be rescued. This method of primary search is meant to be used in extreme situations in which there is a shortage of personnel.
Vent-Enter-Search method
Which emergency drag is particularly useful for fast removal of a victim from a dangerous area?
Webbing sling
A critical factor to evaluate for during size up for search and rescue.
the victims ability to self extricate
