Chapter 12 Terms and Quiz: Shock

septic shock

Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.

irreversible shock

The final stage of shock, resulting in death.

A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival? Select one: A. High-flow oxygen administration B. Full immobilization of her spine C. Intravenous fluid administration D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

sphincters

Muscles arranged in circles that are able to decrease the diameter of tubes. Examples are found within the rectum, bladder, and blood vessels.

psychogenic shock

Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope).

obstructive shock

Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues.

myocardial contractility

The ability of the heart muscle to contract.

compensated shock

The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss.

afterload

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps.

decompensated shock

The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling.

autonomic nervous system

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and sweating.

preload

The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up.

edema

The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area.

Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________. Select one: A. compensated shock B. decompensated shock C. late shock D. irreversible shock

A. compensated shock

anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)

An extreme, life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: Select one: A. hypovolemia. B. tachycardia. C. diaphoresis. D. hypothermia

D. hypothermia

sensitization

Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction.

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock? Select one: A. Liver laceration B. Cardiac tamponade C. Simple pneumothorax D. Spinal cord injury

. Cardiac tamponade

homeostasis

A balance of all systems of the body.

cyanosis

A bluish gray skin color that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood.

hypovolemic shock

A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion.

shock

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypoperfusion.

hypothermia

A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95°F (35°C), usually as a result of prolonged exposure to cool or freezing temperatures.

distributive shock

A condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both.

syncope

A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness, often caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain.

cardiogenic shock

A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.

aneurysm

A swelling or enlargement of part of a blood vessel, resulting from weakening of the vessel wall.

When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient? Select one: A. En route to the hospital B. Prior to transport C. During the primary assessment D. Immediately after the injuries are discovered

A. En route to the hospital

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: Select one: A. plasma. B. platelets. C. whole blood. D. red blood cells.

A. plasma.

Shock due to severe infection is called ________. Select one: A. septic shock B. neurogenic shock C. anaphylactic shock D. hypovolemic shock

A. septic shock

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as: Select one: A. the skin. B. the heart. C. the brain. D. the lungs.

A. the skin.

As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway, you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be? Select one: A. Check for a pulse. B. Control the bleeding. C. Open the airway. D. Administer oxygen.

B. Control the bleeding.

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________. Select one: A. septic shock B. anaphylactic shock C. neurogenic shock D. psychogenic shock

B. anaphylactic shock

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should: Select one: A. apply pressure to the brachial artery. B. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist. C. administer high-flow supplemental oxygen. D. wrap the towel with pressure bandages.

B. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock. B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. C. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock. D. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion.

B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to ___________. Select one: A. hypovolemic shock B. cardiogenic shock C. neurogenic shock D. septic shock

B. cardiogenic shock

nadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________. Select one: A. hypotension B. shock C. perfusion D. hypoxia

B. shock

Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax? Select one: A. Early administration of high-flow oxygen B. Rapid administration of intravenous fluids C. Decompression of the injured side of the chest D. Positive-pressure ventilation with a bag-valve mask

C. Decompression of the injured side of the chest

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: Select one: A. septic shock. B. neurogenic shock. C. cardiogenic shock. D. anaphylactic shock.

C. cardiogenic shock.

You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________. Select one: A. an increased heart rate B. peripheral vasodilation C. peripheral vasoconstriction D. hypothermia

C. peripheral vasoconstriction

perfusion

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet current needs of the cells.

neurogenic shock

Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.

What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"? Select one: A. Arteries, veins, capillaries B. Plasma, red blood cells, platelets C. Heart, brain, lungs D. Heart, blood vessels, blood

D. Heart, blood vessels, blood

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume. B. the older patient's central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock. C. medications older patients take for hypertension often cause an unusually fast heart rate. D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

Distributive shock occurs when: Select one: A. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function. B. severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster. C. temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain. D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds

D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds

dehydration

Loss of water from the tissues of the body.