chapter 13-

The enhanced capacity of the trained muscle to use fatty acids as a fuel results in

-increased uptake of fatty acids -decrease utilization of muscle glycogen -sparing of blood glucose (all of these answers are correct)

A single bout of resistance exercise training increases muscle protein synthesis by as much as ___% above resting levels.

120-150

4-10 weeks of anaerobic training (high intensity exercise lasting 10-30 seconds) can increase the peak anaerobic capacity by ____ across individuals.

3-25%

Following a single bout of resistance exercise training, muscle protein synthesis can remain elevated above baseline for as much as _______ in both training and untrained individuals.

40-50 hours

The average VO2 max value for the young (eg age 21 years old) male sedentary population is approximately

45 mL/kg/min

In theory, concurrent resistance and endurance exercise training can impair muscle protein synthesis following a bout of resistance exercise. The proposed mechanism to explain this inhibition is _________.

AMP kinase activation of TSC2

Which of the following factors contributes to the endurance exercise training-induced improvement in VO2 max?

increased maximal stroke volume

Following an acute bout of exercise training, the rise in the activity of calcinurin, calmodulin kinase, and AMP kinases occurs within ____ following the exercise session.

minutes

Which of the following training adaptations does NOT occur in skeletal muscle following 4-10 weeks of anaerobic exercise training? -increased muscle buffer capacity -increased activities of myokinase and creatine phosphokinase -increase activities of key glycolytic enzymes -none of these answers is correct

none of these answers is correct

Endurance training results in increased mitochondrial and capillary density in muscle but has no effect on muscle glycolytic capacity. This is an example of what training principle?

specificity

Endurance exercise training programs (eg 3days/week @ 60% VO2 max for 12 weeks) lasting typically results in a ___% improvement in VO2 max.

15-20%

Heritability (ie, genetics) determines approximately ___% of VO2 max variability in sedentary adults.

50

High responders to endurance training (ie, individuals that achieve large increases in VO2 max) can achieve up to ___% improvement in VO2 max following a prolonged and intense training program

50

Following endurance training, maximal cardiac output during exercise is increased due to an increase in the thickness of the left ventricular wall (ie, ventricular muscle mass increases). TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE

The initial decrease in VO2 max with detraining occur because skeletal muscle adaptations (a-vO2 diff) are lost. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE

The majority of evidence demonstrates that resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy is the result of muscle fiber hyperplasia. TRUE OR FALSE?

FALSE

A single bout of resistance exercise training results in an increase in skeletal muscle protein synthesis. This exercise-induced increase in muscle protein synthesis can occur within ___ following the exercise session.

hours

Which of the following endurance training adaptations does NOT result in lower lactate production in the contracting muscles? -increased glycogen utilization -increase H4 form of LDH -increased mitochondrial uptake of pyruvate -decreased pyruvate formation

increased glycogen utilization

Which of the following endurance training adaptations assist in maintaining acid-base balance during exercise?

increased mitochondrial volume in skeletal muscle

Endurance training has been shown to reduce the oxygen deficit in subjects performing a submaximal exercise. This is due to

increases in the number of mitochondria and capillaries

After a 15-week program of endurance exercise training, which of the following cardiovascular variables does NOT decrease after 14 days of detraining? -max HR -VO2 max -max Q -max SV

max HR

Endurance exercise training results in an increase turnover of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. The process of removing old and damaged mitochondria is called:

mitophagy

During the first 10 weeks of a resistance training program, the initial increase in muscular strength are due primarily to

neural adaptations

Cross-sectional studies demonstrate that the physiological variable responsible for the large variation in VO2 max across the normal population is maximal

stroke volume

Following an acute bout of endurance exercise training, the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis occurs within ____ following the completion of the exercise session.

hours

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced increases in fat metabolism during exercise? -slower blood flow in muscle -increased fat storage in liver -increased FFA transporters -increased beta oxidation enzymes

increased fat storage in the liver

Which of the following physiological factors does NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced increase in the maximal a-vO2 difference? -increased mitochondria volume in the muscle -increased capillaries in the muscles -increased hemoglobin in the blood -increased muscle blood flow

increased hemoglobin in the blood

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced improvement in stroke volume during exercise? -increased end-diastolic volume -increased peripheral resistance -increased cardiac contractility -decrease in total peripheral resistance

increased peripheral resistance

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain why concurrent endurance and resistance (strength) training impedes strength development compared to strength training alone. Which of the following mechanisms have NOT been proposed to explain why concurrent training impedes strength development? -neural factors -overtraining -depressed muscle protein synthesis -none of the above

none of the above

It is well known that resistance exercise training promotes an increase in muscle protein synthesis by activating the mechanistic target of rapamyosin (mTOR) which results in increased protein synthesis. Recent evidence suggests that two signaling molecules interact to directly activate mTOR. These molecules are:

phosphatidic acid and Ras homologue enriched brain (Rheb)

The increase in VO2 max that occurs following 4 months of endurance exercise training results from an increase in both maximal cardiac output and maximal a-vO2 difference. Relatively short durations of endurance exercise training (e.g., 1-4 months) increases VO2 max primarily by increasing

the maximal cardiac output

The heart rate and ventilatory responses to a fixed submaximal work rate are lower (ie lower heart rate and lower minute ventilation) following an endurance training program. This training-induced adaptation is primarily due to changes in the

trained skeletal muscles

In resting skeletal muscle fibers, Ras homologue enriched brain (Rheb) activation of mTOR is inhibited by____.

tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2)

Following endurance training, afterload decreases during maximal exercise because there is a decrease in sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in the arterioles of the exercising muscles. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE

In a "two-legged" maximal cycle ergometer test, if each leg were to vasodilate to the extent experienced in a one-legged VO2 max test, mean arterial blood pressure would fall below normal levels. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE

Reducing the number of motor units required to perform an exercise task may reduce the heart rate and ventilation required to perform the task. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE

Research indicates that anyone can increase his or her VO2 max with training, yet a genetic predisposition is required to have a VO2 max comparable to that of an elite endurance athlete. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE