Chapter 13

A general calculation method for transfer prices that achieves goal congruence begins with the additional outlay cost per unit incurred because goods are transformed and then A. adds the opportunity cost per unit to the organization because of the transfer. B. subtracts the opportunity cost per unit to the organization because of the transfer. C. adds the sunk cost per unit to the organization because of the transfer. D. subtracts the sunk cost per unit to the organization because of the transfer. E. adds the sales revenue per unit to the organization because of the transfer.

A

Consider the following statements about residual income: I. Residual income incorporates a firm's cost of acquiring investment capital. II. Residual income is a percentage measure, not a dollar measure. III. If used correctly, residual income may result in division managers making decisions that are in their own best interest and not in the best interest of the entire firm. Which of the above statements is (are) true? A. I only. B. II only. C. I and II. D. II and III. E. I and III.

A

The amounts charged for goods and services exchanged between two divisions are known as: A. opportunity costs. B. transfer prices. C. standard variable costs. D. residual prices. E. target prices.

B

The basic idea behind residual income is to have a division maximize its: A. earnings per share. B. income in excess of a corporate imputed interest charge. C. cost of capital. D. cash flows. E. invested capital.

B

The following information relates to the Mountain Division of Adler Enterprises: Income for the period just ended: $1,500,000 Invested capital: $12,000,000 If the firm has an imputed interest rate of 11%, Mountain's residual income would be: A. $165,000. B. $180,000. C. $187,500. D. some other dollar amount. E. a percentage greater than 11%.

B

The income calculation for a division manager's ROI should be based on: A. divisional contribution margin. B. profit margin controllable by the division manager. C. profit margin traceable to the division. D. divisional income before interest and taxes. E. divisional net income.

B

Consider the following statements about transfer pricing: I. Income taxes and import duties are an important consideration when setting a transfer price for companies that pursue international commerce. II. Transfer prices cannot be used by organizations in the service industry. III. Transfer prices are totally cost-based in nature, not market-based. Which of the above statements is (are) true? A. I only. B. II only. C. I and II. D. II and III. E. I, II, and III.

A

Hayes Division has been stagnant over the past five years, neither growing nor contracting in size and profitability. Investments in new property, plant, and equipment have been minimal. Would the division's use of total assets (valued at net book value) when measuring ROI result in (1) using numbers that are consistent with those on the balance sheet and (2) a rising ROI over time? Consistent with Numbers Produce a Rising Return on on the Balance Sheet? Investment Over Time? A. Yes Yes B. Yes No C. No Yes D. No No E. Yes Need more information to judge

A

Laissez Faire has two divisions: the Cologne Division and the Bottle Division. The Bottle Division produces containers that can be used by the Cologne Division. The Bottle Division's variable manufacturing cost is $2, shipping cost is $0.10, and the external sales price is $3. No shipping costs are incurred on sales to the Cologne Division, and the Cologne Division can purchase similar containers in the external market for $2.60. The Bottle Division has sufficient capacity to meet all external market demands in addition to meeting the demands of the Cologne Division. Using the general rule, the transfer price from the Bottle Division to the Cologne Division would be: A. $2.00. B. $2.10. C. $2.60. D. $2.90. E. $3.00.

A

McKenna's Florida Division is currently purchasing a part from an outside supplier. The company's Alabama Division, which has excess capacity, makes and sells this part for external customers at a variable cost of $22 and a selling price of $34. If Alabama begins sales to Florida, it (1) will use the general transfer-pricing rule and (2) will be able to reduce variable cost on internal transfers by $4. If sales to outsiders will not be affected, Alabama would establish a transfer price of: A. $18. B. $22. C. $30. D. $34. E. some other amount.

A

The Fitzhugh Division of General Enterprises has a negative residual income of $540,000. Fitzhugh's management is contemplating an investment opportunity that will reduce this negative amount to $400,000. The investment: A. should be pursued because it is attractive from both the divisional and corporate perspectives. B. should be pursued because it is attractive from the divisional perspective although not from the corporate perspective. C. should be pursued because it is attractive from the corporate perspective although not from the divisional perspective. D. should not be pursued because it is unattractive from both the divisional and corporate perspectives. E. should not be pursued because it is unattractive from the divisional perspective although it is attractive from the corporate perspective.

A

The following information pertains to Bingo Concrete: Sales revenue $1,500,000 Gross margin 600,000 Income 90,000 Invested capital 450,000 The company's imputed interest rate is 8%. The capital turnover is: A. 3.33. B. 5.00. C. 16.67. D. 20.00. E. 30.00.

A

The following information pertains to Bingo Concrete: Sales revenue $1,500,000 Gross margin 600,000 Income 90,000 Invested capital 450,000 The company's imputed interest rate is 8%. The sales margin is: A. 6%. B. 15%. C. 20%. D. 30%. E. 40%.

A

To partially eliminate the problems that are associated with the short-term focus of return on investment, residual income, and EVA, the performance of a division's major investments is commonly evaluated through: A. postaudits. B. sensitivity analysis. C. performance operating plans. D. horizontal analysis. E. segmented reporting.

A

Tulsa Corporation has excess capacity. If the firm desires to implement the general transfer-pricing rule, opportunity cost would be equal to: A. zero. B. the direct expenses incurred in producing the goods. C. the total difference in the cost of production between two divisions. D. the contribution margin forgone from the lost external sale. E. the summation of variable cost plus fixed cost.

A

Webster Company had sales revenue and operating expenses of $5,000,000 and $4,200,000, respectively, for the year just ended. If invested capital amounted to $6,000,000, the firm's ROI was: A. 13.33%. B. 83.33%. C. 120.00%. D. 750.00%. E. some other figure.

A

Which of the following elements is not used when calculating the weighted-average cost of capital? A. Before-tax cost of debt capital. B. After-tax cost of debt capital. C. Cost of equity capital. D. Market value of debt capital. E. Market value of equity capital.

A

Which of the following is the correct mathematical expression to derive a company's capital turnover? A. Sales revenue ÷ invested capital. B. Contribution margin ÷ invested capital. C. Income ÷ invested capital. D. Invested capital ÷ sales revenue E. Invested capital ÷ income

A

Barber Corporation uses an imputed interest rate of 13% in the calculation of residual income. Division X, which is part of Barber, had invested capital of $1,200,000 and an ROI of 16%. On the basis of this information, X's residual income was: A. $24,960. B. $36,000. C. $156,000. D. $192,000. E. some other amount.

B

Capital turnover shows: A. the amount of income generated by each dollar of capital investment. B. the number of sales dollars generated by each dollar of capital investment. C. the amount of contribution margin generated by each dollar of capital investment. D. the amount of capital investment generated by each sales dollar. E. the amount of capital investment generated by each dollar of income.

B

Carolina Corporation has an after-tax operating income of $3,200,000 and a 9% weighted-average cost of capital. Assets total $7,000,000 and current liabilities total $1,800,000. On the basis of this information, Carolina's economic value added is: A. $2,408,000. B. $2,732,000. C. $3,668,000. D. $3,992,000. E. some other amount.

B

Division A transfers a profitable subassembly to Division B, where it is assembled into a final product. A is located in a European country that has a high tax rate; B is located in an Asian country that has a low tax rate. Ideally, (1) what type of before-tax income should each division report from the transfer and (2) what type of transfer price should be set for the subassembly? Division A Division B Transfer Income Income Price A. Low Low Low B. Low High Low C. Low High High D. High Low High E. High High Low

B

Extron Division reported a residual income of $200,000 for the year just ended. The division had $8,000,000 of invested capital and $1,000,000 of income. On the basis of this information, the imputed interest rate was: A. 2.5%. B. 10.0%. C. 12.5%. D. 20.0%. E. some other figure.

B

For the period just ended, Price Corporation's Ohio Division reported profit of $49 million and invested capital of $350 million. Assuming an imputed interest rate of 16%, which of the following choices correctly denotes Ohio's return on investment (ROI) and residual income? Return on Residual Investment Income A. 14% $7 million B. 14% $(7) million C. 16% $7 million D. $7 million 14% E. None of the above choices shows both the correct ROI and residual income.

B

Given that ROI measures performance over a period of time, invested capital would most appropriately be figured by using: A. beginning-of-year assets. B. average assets. C. end-of-year assets. D. total assets. E. only current assets.

B

Nevada, Inc., has two divisions, one located in Las Vegas and the other located in Reno. Las Vegas sells selected goods to Reno for use in various end-products. Assuming that the transfer prices set by Las Vegas do not influence the decisions made by the two divisions, which of the following correctly describes the impact of the transfer prices on divisional profits and overall company profit? Las Vegas Profit Reno Profit Nevada Profit A. Affected Affected Affected B. Affected Affected Not affected C. Affected Not affected Affected D. Not affected Not affected Affected E. Not affected Not affected Not affected

B

Thurmond, Inc., has two divisions, one located in New York and the other located in Arizona. New York sells a specialized circuit to Arizona and just recently raised the circuit's transfer price. This price hike had no effect on the volume of circuits transferred nor on Arizona's option of acquiring the circuit from either New York or from an external supplier. On the basis of this information, which of the following statements is most correct? A. The profit reported by New York will increase and the profit reported by Arizona will decrease. B. The profit reported by New York will increase, the profit reported by Arizona will decrease, and Thurmond's profit will be unaffected. C. The profit reported by New York will decrease, the profit reported by Arizona will increase, and Thurmond's profit will be unaffected. D. The profit reported by New York will increase and the profit reported by Arizona will increase. E. The profit reported by New York and the profit reported by Arizona will be unaffected.

B

When an organization allows divisional managers to be responsible for short-term loans and credit, the division's invested capital should be measured by A. total assets minus total liabilities. B. average total assets minus average current liabilities. C. average total assets minus average total liabilities. D. average total liabilities minus average current assets. E. average total liabilities minus total assets.

B

Which of the following is not considered in the calculation of divisional ROI? A. Divisional income. B. Earnings velocity. C. Capital turnover. D. Sales margin. E. Sales revenue.

B

Which of the following transfer-pricing methods can lead to dysfunctional decision-making behavior by managers? A. Variable cost. B. Full cost. C. External market price. D. A professionally negotiated, amicable settlement between the buying and selling divisions. E. None of the above.

B

Zang Enterprises had a sales margin of 7%, sales of $5,000,000, and invested capital of $4,000,000. The company's ROI was: A. 5.60%. B. 8.75%. C. 11.43%. D. 17.86%. E. some other figure.

B

A company's sales margin: A. must, by definition, be greater than the firm's net sales. B. has basically the same meaning as the term "contribution margin" C. is computed by dividing sales revenue into income. D. is computed by dividing income into sales revenue. E. shows the sales dollars generated from each dollar of income.

C

AutoTech's Northern Division is currently purchasing a part from an outside supplier. The company's Southern Division, which has no excess capacity, makes and sells this part for external customers at a variable cost of $19 and a selling price of $31. If Southern begins sales to Northern, it (1) will use the general transfer-pricing rule and (2) will be able to reduce variable cost on internal transfers by $3. On the basis of this information, Southern would establish a transfer price of: A. $16. B. $19. C. $28. D. $31. E. some other amount.

C

Consider the following statements about goal congruence: I. Goal congruence is obtained when managers of subunits throughout an organization strive to achieve the goals set by top management. II. Managers are often more concerned about the performance of their own subunits rather than the performance of the entire organization. III. Achieving goal congruence in most organizations is relatively straightforward and easy to accomplish. Which of the above statements is (are) true? A. I only. B. II only. C. I and II. D. II and III. E. I, II, and III.

C

Division A transfers item no. 78 to Division B. Consider the following situations: 1—A is located in Texas and B is located in California. 2—A is located in Texas and B is located in Mexico. Assuming that item no. 78 is unavailable in the open market, which of the following choices correctly depicts the probable importance of federal income taxes when determining the transfer price that is established for item no. 78? Situation 1 Situation 2 A. Important Important B. Important Not important C. Not important Important D. Not important Not important E. It is not possible to judge based on the information presented.

C

Laissez Faire has two divisions: the Cologne Division and the Bottle Division. The Bottle Division produces containers that can be used by the Cologne Division. The Bottle Division's variable manufacturing cost is $2, shipping cost is $0.10, and the external sales price is $3. No shipping costs are incurred on sales to the Cologne Division, and the Cologne Division can purchase similar containers in the external market for $2.60c The maximum amount the Cologne Division would be willing to pay for each bottle transferred would be: A. $2.00. B. $2.10. C. $2.60. D. $2.90. E. $3.00.

C

Mission, Inc., reported a return on investment of 12%, a capital turnover of 5, and income of $180,000. On the basis of this information, the company's invested capital was: A. $300,000. B. $900,000. C. $1,500,000. D. $7,500,000. E. some other amount.

C

The Georgia Division of Carter Companies currently reports a profit of $3.4 million. Divisional invested capital totals $12.5 million; the imputed interest rate is 14%. On the basis of this information, Georgia's residual income is: A. $476,000. B. $1,274,000. C. $1,650,000. D. $1,750,000. E. some other amount.

C

The ROI calculation will indicate: A. the percentage of each sales dollar that is invested in assets. B. the sales dollars generated from each dollar of income. C. how effectively a company used its invested capital. D. the invested capital generated from each dollar of income. E. the overall quality of a company's earnings.

C

The following information pertains to Bingo Concrete: Sales revenue $1,500,000 Gross margin 600,000 Income 90,000 Invested capital 450,000 The company's imputed interest rate is 8%. The ROI is: A. 6%. B. 15%. C. 20%. D. 30%. E. 40%.

C

The following information relates to Houston, Inc.: Total assets $9,000,000 After-tax operating income 1,500,000 Current liabilities 800,000 If the company has a 10% weighted-average cost of capital, its economic value added would be: A. $(200,000). B. $530,000. C. $680,000. D. $970,000. E. some other amount.

C

The following information relates to the Atlantic Division of Ocean Enterprises: Interest rate on debt capital: 8% Cost of equity capital: 12% Market value of debt capital: $50 million Market value of equity capital: $80 million Income tax rate: 30% On the basis of this information, Atlantic's weighted-average cost of capital is: A. 7.3%. B. 8.3%. C. 9.5%. D. 10.8%. E. some other figure.

C

The market value of Glendale's debt and equity capital totals $180 million, 80% of which is equity related. An analysis conducted by the company's finance department revealed a 7% after-tax cost of debt capital and a 10% cost of equity capital. On the basis of this information, Glendale's weighted-average cost of capital: A. is 7.6%. B. is 8.5%. C. is 9.4%. D. cannot be determined based on the data presented because the cost of debt capital must be stated on a before-tax basis. E. cannot be determined based on the data presented because the cost of equity capital must be stated on an after-tax basis.

C

What practice is present when divisional managers throughout an organization work together in an effort to achieve the organization's goals? A. Participatory management. B. Goal attainment. C. Goal congruence. D. Centralization of objectives. E. Negotiation by subordinates.

C

Which of the following elements is not used in the calculation of economic value added for an investment center? A. An investment center's after-tax operating income. B. An investment center's total assets. C. An investment center's return on investment. D. An investment center's current liabilities. E. A company's weighted-average cost of capital.

C

Which of the following is used in the calculation of both return on investment and residual income? A. Total stockholders' equity. B. Retained earnings. C. Invested capital. D. Total liabilities. E. The cost of capital.

C

A division's return on investment may be improved by increasing: A. cost of goods sold and expenses. B. sales margin and cost of capital. C. sales revenue and cost of capital. D. capital turnover or sales margin. E. capital turnover or cost of capital.

D

All of the following actions will increase ROI except: A. an increase in sales revenues. B. a decrease in operating expenses. C. a decrease in a company's invested capital. D. a decrease in the number of units sold. E. an improvement in manufacturing efficiency.

D

For the period just ended, United Corporation's Delta Division reported profit of $31.9 million and invested capital of $220 million. Assuming an imputed interest rate of 12%, which of the following choices correctly denotes Delta's return on investment (ROI) and residual income? Return on Residual Investment Income A. 12.0% $(5.5) million B. 12.0% $5.5 million C. 14.5% $(5.5) million D. 14.5% $5.5 million E. 14.5% $26.4 million

D

Laissez Faire has two divisions: the Cologne Division and the Bottle Division. The Bottle Division produces containers that can be used by the Cologne Division. The Bottle Division's variable manufacturing cost is $2, shipping cost is $0.10, and the external sales price is $3. No shipping costs are incurred on sales to the Cologne Division, and the Cologne Division can purchase similar containers in the external market for $2.60 Assume the Bottle Division has no excess capacity and could sell everything it produced externally. Using the general rule, the transfer price from the Bottle Division to the Cologne Division would be: A. $2.00. B. $2.10. C. $2.60. D. $2.90. E. $3.00.

D

ROI is most appropriately used to evaluate the performance of: A. cost center managers. B. revenue center managers. C. profit center managers. D. investment center managers. E. both profit center managers and investment center managers.

D

Suddath Corporation has no excess capacity. If the firm desires to implement the general transfer-pricing rule, opportunity cost would be equal to: A. zero. B. the direct expenses incurred in producing the goods. C. the total difference in the cost of production between two divisions. D. the contribution margin forgone from the lost external sale. E. the summation of variable cost plus fixed cost.

D

Sunrise Corporation has a return on investment of 15%. A Sunrise division, which currently has a 13% ROI and $750,000 of residual income, is contemplating a massive new investment that will (1) reduce divisional ROI and (2) produce $120,000 of residual income. If Sunrise strives for goal congruence, the investment: A. should not be acquired because it reduces divisional ROI. B. should not be acquired because it produces $120,000 of residual income. C. should not be acquired because the division's ROI is less than the corporate ROI before the investment is considered. D. should be acquired because it produces $120,000 of residual income for the division. E. should be acquired because after the acquisition, the division's ROI and residual income are both positive numbers.

D

The Magellan Division of Global Corporation, which has income of $250,000 and an asset investment of $1,562,500, is studying an investment opportunity that will cost $450,000 and yield a profit of $67,500. Assuming that Global uses an imputed interest charge of 14%, would the investment be attractive to: 1—Divisional management if ROI is used to evaluate divisional performance? 2—Divisional management if residual income (RI) is used to evaluate divisional performance? 3—The management of Global Corporation? Attractive to Attractive to Attractive Magellan: ROI Magellan: RI to Global A. Yes Yes Yes B. Yes No No C. Yes No Yes D. No Yes Yes E. No Yes No

D

The biggest challenge in making a decentralized organization function effectively is: A. earning maximum profits through fair practices. B. minimizing losses. C. taking advantage of the specialized knowledge and skills of highly talented managers. D. obtaining goal congruence among division managers. E. developing an adequate budgetary control system.

D

The following information pertains to Bingo Concrete: Sales revenue $1,500,000 Gross margin 600,000 Income 90,000 Invested capital 450,000 The company's imputed interest rate is 8%. The residual income is: A. $30,000. B. $36,000. C. $42,000. D. $54,000. E. $82,800.

D

The information that follows relates to Katz Corporation: Sales margin: 7.5% Capital turnover: 2 Invested capital: $20,000,000 On the basis of this information, the company's sales revenue is: A. $1,500,000. B. $3,000,000. C. $10,000,000. D. $40,000,000. E. some other amount.

D

Which of the following describes the goal that should be pursued when setting transfer prices? A. Maximize profits of the buying division. B. Maximize profits of the selling division. C. Allow top management to become actively involved when calculating the proper dollar amounts. D. Establish incentives for autonomous division managers to make decisions that are in the overall organization's best interests (i.e., goal congruence). E. Minimize opportunity costs.

D

Which of the following is the correct mathematical expression for return on investment? A. Sales margin ÷ capital turnover. B. Sales margin + capital turnover. C. Sales margin - capital turnover. D. Sales margin x capital turnover. E. Capital turnover ÷ sales margin.

D

Which of the following measures of performance is, in part, based on the weighted-average cost of capital? A. Return on investment. B. Capital turnover. C. Book value. D. Economic value added (EVA). E. Gross margin.

D

The Pro Division of Custom Industries is in need of a particular service. The service can be obtained from another division of Custom at "cost" with cost defined as the summation of variable cost ($9) and fixed cost ($3). Alternatively, Pro can secure the service from a source external to Custom for $10. Which of the following statements is true? A. Pro should compare $10 vs. $3 in deciding where to acquire the service. B. Pro should compare $10 vs. $9 in deciding where to acquire the service. C. Pro should compare $10 vs. $12 in deciding where to acquire the service. D. From Custom's perspective, the proper decision is reached by comparing $10 vs. $9. E. Both "C" and "D" are true.

E

Transfer prices can be based on: A. variable cost. B. full cost. C. an external market price. D. a negotiated settlement between the buying and selling divisions. E. all of the above.

E

Which of the following performance measures is (are) used to evaluate the financial success or failure of investment centers? A. Residual income. B. Return on investment. C. Number of suppliers. D. Economic value added. E. All of the above measures are used except "C"

E