Chapter 13 A&P

The hormone that causes calcium to be deposited in bone is

Calcitonin

What does aldosterone do?

Causes kidneys to conserve sodium and excrete potassium

Adenylate cyclase causes ATP molecules to become ________ molecules.

Cyclic AMP

Where do exocrine glands secrete into?

Ducts (external)

What is the structure of an adrenal gland?

Each gland has a medulla and a cortex

Releasing hormones are produced by the _____.

Hypothalamus

What do thryoxine and triiodothyronine (thyroid hormones) do?

Increase metabolism, enhance protein synthesis, stimulate lipid breakdown

What does the PTH (parathyroid hormone) do?

Increased calcium, decrease phosphates

Which gland produces a hormone, which stimulates the production of blood cells?

Kidney produces erythropoietin which stimulates blood cell production

What are steroid hormones made up of?

Lipids, carbon, hydrogen

What does calcitonin (thyroid hormone) do?

Lowers blood calcium

Where are the adrenal glands located?

On top of the kidneys

What type of compounds are all hormones?

Organic compounds

Which hormone controls the ability to produce milk?

PRL

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

Pancreas

Which glands are yellow-brown, small, made of thin connective tissue?

Parathyroid glands

What does cortisol do?

Stimulate the production of glucose from noncarbohydrates; inhibits protein synthesis

What does prolactin affect?

Stimulates milk production and breast development

The _____ gland is important for producing immunity.

Thymus

The endocrine gland that is located on the superior most portion of the kidneys is the

adrenal gland

A steroid hormone acts on a target cell by

causing protein synthesis

Where are steroid hormones derived from?

cholesterol

The _____ system includes the glands that release their secretions directly into the blood.

endocrine

Thyroxine functions to

enhance the rate at which proteins are synthesized.

What are the functions of growth hormones?

enhances the movement of amino acids into cells; increases the rate of protein synthesis; increases the rate of fat metabolism; stimulates bone and muscle growth

The main hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are

epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine

The hormone that triggers the breakdown of glycogen into glucose when the body needs more energy is called

glucagon

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?

in the hypothalamus

As a rule, hormone concentrations are primarily controlled by

negative feedback hormones

ADH and oxcytocin are secreted by

neurosecretory cells.

Prostaglandins are ___________ substances that regulate neighboring cells.

paracrine

What hormone requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?

prolactin

What are the functions of prostaglandins?

regulate blood pressure, effect reproductive function, influence kidney Na+ movement

A hormone is defined as a ______ and the target cell is defined as _______.

substance that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that possesses specific receptors for hormone molecules

Nonsteroid hormones act upon their target cells by causing

the activation of adenylate cyclase.

Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the

thyroid gland

Where do endocrine glands secrete into?

Bodily fluids (internal)

What does insulin do?

Activates facilitated diffusion of glucose, stimulates glucose and fat storage

What are non-steroid hormones made up of?

Amines, peptides, proteins

What does the ADH hormone affect?

Antidiuretic, kidneys lose less water

Where is the pineal gland and what does it secrete?

Attaches to the thalamus; secretes melatonin

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Base of brain

Where is the thymus and what does it secrete?

Between the lungs; secretes thymosin which provides immunity; shrinks with age