Chapter 13 A&P
The hormone that causes calcium to be deposited in bone is
Calcitonin
What does aldosterone do?
Causes kidneys to conserve sodium and excrete potassium
Adenylate cyclase causes ATP molecules to become ________ molecules.
Cyclic AMP
Where do exocrine glands secrete into?
Ducts (external)
What is the structure of an adrenal gland?
Each gland has a medulla and a cortex
Releasing hormones are produced by the _____.
Hypothalamus
What do thryoxine and triiodothyronine (thyroid hormones) do?
Increase metabolism, enhance protein synthesis, stimulate lipid breakdown
What does the PTH (parathyroid hormone) do?
Increased calcium, decrease phosphates
Which gland produces a hormone, which stimulates the production of blood cells?
Kidney produces erythropoietin which stimulates blood cell production
What are steroid hormones made up of?
Lipids, carbon, hydrogen
What does calcitonin (thyroid hormone) do?
Lowers blood calcium
Where are the adrenal glands located?
On top of the kidneys
What type of compounds are all hormones?
Organic compounds
Which hormone controls the ability to produce milk?
PRL
Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
Pancreas
Which glands are yellow-brown, small, made of thin connective tissue?
Parathyroid glands
What does cortisol do?
Stimulate the production of glucose from noncarbohydrates; inhibits protein synthesis
What does prolactin affect?
Stimulates milk production and breast development
The _____ gland is important for producing immunity.
Thymus
The endocrine gland that is located on the superior most portion of the kidneys is the
adrenal gland
A steroid hormone acts on a target cell by
causing protein synthesis
Where are steroid hormones derived from?
cholesterol
The _____ system includes the glands that release their secretions directly into the blood.
endocrine
Thyroxine functions to
enhance the rate at which proteins are synthesized.
What are the functions of growth hormones?
enhances the movement of amino acids into cells; increases the rate of protein synthesis; increases the rate of fat metabolism; stimulates bone and muscle growth
The main hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are
epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine
The hormone that triggers the breakdown of glycogen into glucose when the body needs more energy is called
glucagon
Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?
in the hypothalamus
As a rule, hormone concentrations are primarily controlled by
negative feedback hormones
ADH and oxcytocin are secreted by
neurosecretory cells.
Prostaglandins are ___________ substances that regulate neighboring cells.
paracrine
What hormone requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?
prolactin
What are the functions of prostaglandins?
regulate blood pressure, effect reproductive function, influence kidney Na+ movement
A hormone is defined as a ______ and the target cell is defined as _______.
substance that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that possesses specific receptors for hormone molecules
Nonsteroid hormones act upon their target cells by causing
the activation of adenylate cyclase.
Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the
thyroid gland
Where do endocrine glands secrete into?
Bodily fluids (internal)
What does insulin do?
Activates facilitated diffusion of glucose, stimulates glucose and fat storage
What are non-steroid hormones made up of?
Amines, peptides, proteins
What does the ADH hormone affect?
Antidiuretic, kidneys lose less water
Where is the pineal gland and what does it secrete?
Attaches to the thalamus; secretes melatonin
Where is the pituitary gland located?
Base of brain
Where is the thymus and what does it secrete?
Between the lungs; secretes thymosin which provides immunity; shrinks with age