Chapter 13 & 14 AP World History

European

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mestizo

1450 - 1750 : The most distinctive feature of these new colonial societies in mexico and peru was their emergence. they were a mixed - race, population, initially the product of unions between Spanish men and indian women

Devshirme

1450-1750 : (the collecting or the gathering) was the ottoman policy of taking boys from conquered Christian people to be trained as Muslim soldiers served as "Janissaries" for imperial institutions such as the palace, scribes, religious ways and military's.

Mughal Empire

1450-1750 : A muslim state ruling from India in 1529 through 1857. It was a muslim minority ruling over a Hindu majority

Siberia

1450-1750 : A region of central and eastern Russia stretching from rural mountains to the pacific ocean (The Bearing Sea). It is known for it's mineral resources and political exile.

Aurangzeb

1450-1750 : A strain of Muslim thinking found a champion in the emperor who reversed Akbar's policy of accommodation and sought to impose Islamic supremacy. He was one of the Mughal emperors in India and was also the great grandson of Akbar " The Great". Under whom the empire reached its greatest extent, only to collapse after his death.

Yasak

1450-1750 : Also known as a tribute paid in cash or in kind that Russian rulers demanded from the Native peoples of Siberia mainly for pelts

settler colonies

1450-1750 : Colonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rater than simply spending relatively small numbers to exploit the religion. Particularly noteworthy in the case of the British colonies in North America

Plantation Complex

1450-1750 : Colonies, such as those in south Africa, new Zealand, Algeria, Kenya and Hawaii where minority European populations lived among a majority of indigenous people -- based upon African slavery beyond the Caribbean ad brazil to encompass the southern colonies of British North America where tobacco, cotton, rice and indigo where major crops where

peninsulares

1450-1750 : Descendants of the original conquistadores sought to protect their privileges against immigrant newcomers; Spaniards born in the Americas (creoles) resented the pretension to superiority of those born in Spain (?)... These people came to Latin America and were of the highest social class

Akbar

1450-1750 : Mugal Indias most famous emperor, marring several of their princesses but he did not require them to convert to Islam. He clearly recognized this fundamental reality and acted deliberately to accommodate the Hindu majority. He reigned in the second half of the 1500's (1556-1605). He is also a descendant of Timur. He consolidated power over Northern India and is religiously tolerant. He was the Patron of Arts including large mural paintings.

Constantinople 1453

1450-1750 : The Ottoman Turks advanced from the West to the East in the 1300's, they initially skipped over Constantinople. The then returned in 1453 to take down the city, and with it the Byzantine empire. This marked the end of the Christian Byzantine

Columbian exchange

1450-1750 : The exchange of plants, animals, culture and diseases between Europe and the Americans from the first contact through exploration and colonization.

The Great Dying

1450-1750 : The massive epidemic caused by old world diseases after Columbian exchange. It killed ninety percent of natives..Long isolation from the afro-Eurasian world and the lack of most domesticated animals meant the absence of acquired immunities to Old World diseases, such as smallpox, measles, typhus, influenza, malaria and yellow fever.

mulattoes

1450-1750 : The product of Portuguese-African unions predominated, but as many as forty separate and named groups, each indicating a different racial mixture, emerged in colonial brazil. in colonial latin America Spanish/Africans who were denied all political, economic and social rights due to their mixed heritage of African and Europeans

Qing Dynasty Empire

1450-1750 : The ruling dynasty of China throughout 1644 to 1912. This is the dynasty that helped expand the dynasty North by enlarging the territorial size of the country. This dynasty was originally from Manchuria. No assimilating foreigners there is too much interest in expansion and court of colonial affairs.

Ottoman Empire

1450-1750 : Was the creation of Turkic warrior groups; the Islamic state was founded by Osman in Northwest Anatolia. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire the ottoman empire was based in Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453-1922. It encompassed lands in the middle east, North Africa and Balkans with eastern Europe. Then fell after world war I.

Spanish America Produced how much silver in the modern era?

85% of the world´s silver.

Vasco de Gama

A Portuguese mariner that was part of the European voyage by sea to India, along the southern tip of Africa.

Ayuba Suleiman Diallo

Also known as Job Ben Solomon, was a famous Muslim who was a victim of the Atlantic slave trade.

The Spice Trade of Eurasia

Also known as the silver trade system, gave birth to the genuinely global network of exchange.

Philippines (spanish)

An archipelago of pacific islands colonized by Spain in a relatively bloodless process that extended for the century or so after 1565, a process accompanied by a major effort at evangelization; the Spanish named them the Philippine Islands in honor of King Philip II of Spain.

The Dutch and English

Besides the Spanish and Europeans who were other competitors in the spice trade

trading post empire

Form of imperial dominance based on control of trade rather than on control of trade rather than on control of subject peoples

Tokugawa shogunate

Military rulers of Japan who successfully unified Japan politically by the early seventeenth century and established a "closed door" policy toward European encroachments.

Little Ice Age

Much of the early modern era witnessed a period of cooling temperatures and harsh winters, known as?

African diaspora

Name given to the spread of African peoples across the Atlantic via the slave trade.

"soft gold"

Nickname used in the early modern period for animal furs, highly valued for their warmth and as symbols of elite status; in several regions, the fur trade generated massive wealth for those engaged in it.

British/Dutch East India Companies

Private trading companies chartered by the governments of England and the Netherlands around 1600; they were given monopolies on Indian Ocean trade, including the right to make war and to rule conquered peoples.

"silver drain"

Term often used to describe the siphoning of money from Europe to pay for the luxury products of the East, a process exacerbated by the fact that Europe had few trade goods that were desirable in Eastern markets; eventually, the bulk of the world's silver supply made its way to China.

Indian Ocean commercial network

The massive, interconnected web of commerce in premodern times between the lands that bordered on the Indian Ocean (including East Asia, India, and Southeast Asia); the network was badly disrupted by Portuguese intrusion beginning around 1500.

Fur bearing animals

Their production had an important environmental as well as serious implications for the human societies that generated and consumed them.

Benin/Dahomey

West African kingdom (in what is now Nigeria) whose strong kings sharply limited engagement with the slave trade.

Furs

What joined silver, textiles, and spices as major items of global commerce in the early modern era?

The Russian Empire

What was the last of the long list of empires that perished during the 20th century?

Empire Building

What was thoroughly discreted during the 20th century as "imperialist" because a term of insult rather than a source of pride?

King Philip II

Who were the Philippine Islands named after?

Potosi

that developed high in the Andes (in present-day Bolivia) at the site of the world's largest silver mind and that became the largest city in the Americas, with a population of some 160,000 in the 1570s.