Chapter 13 Bio.
The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are
Avery and Chargaff
What is not a type of RNA
Carrier RNA
Transfer RNA
Carries an amino acid to its correct codon
Stop Codon
Causes the ribosome to stop translating mRNA; UAA, UAG, UGA
Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen bases in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be ____ to each other
Commplementary
The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of
Cytosine
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
It has been discovered that the genetic material is __
DNA
Proteins do not come directly from DNA, but instead are made from ____
DNA
Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that DNA and RNA have the same structure
DNA and RNA have the same structure
Transcription, which is a stage of gene expression, is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)
DNA molecule
What is the hereditary molecule in living organisms; who discovered this
DNA, Friedrich Miescher
Nuclein, was purified in to what substance
Deoxyribonucleic acid
The five-carbon sugar in DNA nucleotides is called___
Dioxide ribose
RNA differs from DNA in that RNA
Does not contain adenine
Hungarian biochemist, Awards: Guggenheim fellowship for natural sciences
Erwin Chargaff
Responsible for discovering, along with James Watson, the double- helix structure of DNA strand
Francis Crick
Discovered the "Transforming principle" in pneumococcus bacteria
Frederick Griffith
Cytosine (C) joins to
Guanine (G)
Adenine: Thymine::
Guanine: Cytosine
After years of research, the structure of the DNA molecule is now know to be a double ___
Helix
Discovered the double- helix structure of DNA
James Watson
With Alfred Hershey, experimentally helped to confirm that DNA rather than protein is the genetic material of life.
Martha Chase
Known for his contributions to the discovery of DNA's molecular structure, which he won the 1962 Nobel Prize
Maurice Wilkins
The part of the molecule for which DNA is named is the
Nitrogen base
What is not a part of molecule of DNA
Nitrogen base
A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a nitrogen containing base is called ___
Nucleotide
Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of
Nucleotides
Where is DNA found inside a cell?
Nuleus
Discovered cell tranformation, he recognized that DNA carries cell's genetic material can be altered
Oswald Avery
In what substance did Mieshcer find the nuclei of white blood cells
Pus filled bandages
You are analyzing a molecule and find that it contains a uracil nitrogen base. Is the molecule DNA or RNA?
RNA
Watson and Crick determined that DNA molecules have shape of _____
Replication Fork (Y)
What are Y- shaped areas that form when the two strands of DNA separate during replication?
Replication Forks
RNA molecules contain the five- carbon sugar___
Ribose
Discovery of the structure of DNA, and for her use of x-ray deffraction
Rosalind Franklin
The second stage of gene expression is called
translation
Start Codon
The codon AUG which engages a ribosome to start translating an mRNA molecule
What is not true about DNA replication
The new DNA molecule has two newly- made strands
Replication Fork
The points at which the DNA strands separate during replication
Translation
The process of converting the genetic code in RNA into the amino acid sequence that makes up a protein.
Base pairing rule
The rule stating that in DNA, C pairs with G and A pairs with T or in RNA, A pairs with U
What three parts make up a chain of DNA
1) A five carbon ribose sugar 2) A phosphate molecule 3) Adenine, guanine,cytosine, or uracil
What is not found in RNA
Adenine
Thymine (T)
Adenine (A)
Best known for an experiment he did in 1952, which showed that DNA, not protein is the genetic material of life
Alfred Hershey
Adenine (A) joins to
Thymine (T)
Messenger RNA is produced during the process of
Transcription
During ____ the information on a DNA molecule is "rewritten" into an mRNA molecule
Translation
What model did Linus Pauling develop of DNA
Triple Helix Model
In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to
Uracil
The nitrogen containing base that is found only in RNA is
Uracil
During transcription,
proteins are synthesized
