Chapter 13 Bio.

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The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are

Avery and Chargaff

What is not a type of RNA

Carrier RNA

Transfer RNA

Carries an amino acid to its correct codon

Stop Codon

Causes the ribosome to stop translating mRNA; UAA, UAG, UGA

Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen bases in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be ____ to each other

Commplementary

The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of

Cytosine

Guanine (G)

Cytosine (C)

It has been discovered that the genetic material is __

DNA

Proteins do not come directly from DNA, but instead are made from ____

DNA

Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that DNA and RNA have the same structure

DNA and RNA have the same structure

Transcription, which is a stage of gene expression, is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)

DNA molecule

What is the hereditary molecule in living organisms; who discovered this

DNA, Friedrich Miescher

Nuclein, was purified in to what substance

Deoxyribonucleic acid

The five-carbon sugar in DNA nucleotides is called___

Dioxide ribose

RNA differs from DNA in that RNA

Does not contain adenine

Hungarian biochemist, Awards: Guggenheim fellowship for natural sciences

Erwin Chargaff

Responsible for discovering, along with James Watson, the double- helix structure of DNA strand

Francis Crick

Discovered the "Transforming principle" in pneumococcus bacteria

Frederick Griffith

Cytosine (C) joins to

Guanine (G)

Adenine: Thymine::

Guanine: Cytosine

After years of research, the structure of the DNA molecule is now know to be a double ___

Helix

Discovered the double- helix structure of DNA

James Watson

With Alfred Hershey, experimentally helped to confirm that DNA rather than protein is the genetic material of life.

Martha Chase

Known for his contributions to the discovery of DNA's molecular structure, which he won the 1962 Nobel Prize

Maurice Wilkins

The part of the molecule for which DNA is named is the

Nitrogen base

What is not a part of molecule of DNA

Nitrogen base

A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a nitrogen containing base is called ___

Nucleotide

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of

Nucleotides

Where is DNA found inside a cell?

Nuleus

Discovered cell tranformation, he recognized that DNA carries cell's genetic material can be altered

Oswald Avery

In what substance did Mieshcer find the nuclei of white blood cells

Pus filled bandages

You are analyzing a molecule and find that it contains a uracil nitrogen base. Is the molecule DNA or RNA?

RNA

Watson and Crick determined that DNA molecules have shape of _____

Replication Fork (Y)

What are Y- shaped areas that form when the two strands of DNA separate during replication?

Replication Forks

RNA molecules contain the five- carbon sugar___

Ribose

Discovery of the structure of DNA, and for her use of x-ray deffraction

Rosalind Franklin

The second stage of gene expression is called

translation

Start Codon

The codon AUG which engages a ribosome to start translating an mRNA molecule

What is not true about DNA replication

The new DNA molecule has two newly- made strands

Replication Fork

The points at which the DNA strands separate during replication

Translation

The process of converting the genetic code in RNA into the amino acid sequence that makes up a protein.

Base pairing rule

The rule stating that in DNA, C pairs with G and A pairs with T or in RNA, A pairs with U

What three parts make up a chain of DNA

1) A five carbon ribose sugar 2) A phosphate molecule 3) Adenine, guanine,cytosine, or uracil

What is not found in RNA

Adenine

Thymine (T)

Adenine (A)

Best known for an experiment he did in 1952, which showed that DNA, not protein is the genetic material of life

Alfred Hershey

Adenine (A) joins to

Thymine (T)

Messenger RNA is produced during the process of

Transcription

During ____ the information on a DNA molecule is "rewritten" into an mRNA molecule

Translation

What model did Linus Pauling develop of DNA

Triple Helix Model

In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to

Uracil

The nitrogen containing base that is found only in RNA is

Uracil

During transcription,

proteins are synthesized


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