Chapter 13-keeping up with the republic
@Congress and lobbyists are quick to find loopholes to sustain their mutually beneficial relationship.@the number of registered lobbyists dropped significantly between 2007-2013
Which statements are true regarding lobbying and ethics reform in the U.S
Public
Which type of interest group is most vulnerable to the free rider problem?
Cesar Chavez
Who was the leader of the United States farm workers?
free riders problem
Why are public issues like pollution and improving roads and bridges hard to solve?
Citizens identify a common threat
Why do interest groups form
collective good
a good or service that, by its very nature, cannot be denied to anyone who wants to consume it
faction
a group of citizens united by some common passion or interest and opposed to the rights of other citizens or to the interests of the whole community
Interest groups, the federal bureaucracy, and congress
The "iron triangle" is a relationship between _,_,_
Professional association
The American bar association is a
education
The American civil liberties union maintains a website featuring information about issues they work on and how to get involved and act. This is an example of an interest group providing_
2nd Amendment
The National Rifle Association advocated for the protection of the
Entitles groups to keep the identity of their individual donors secrets
The citizens United decision removed the cap on campaign contributions from groups and_
Political Action Committee (PAC)
The fundraising arms of interest groups
Issue advocacy ads are legally permitted to directly support a canadidate
Which statement is true regarding issue advocate ads?
@business associations formed in response to organized labor.@ union membership has been declining since the 1950s.@ labor unions have considerable power at the state level.
Which statements are true regarding labor unions
business
Seventy percent of interest groups that lobby politicians in Washington, D.C., are_ interest groups
True
Pluralists believe that interests groups are beneficial for a functioning democracy
Material
A magazine or newspaper is an example of _ benefits
True
Poor people are the last to be included in interest group politics
Universal background checks
According to polls the majority of national rifle association members support
Inside
Another name for direct lobbying is _ lobbying.
outside
Another name for indirect lobbying is_ lobbying
Indirect
Protesting is an example of _ lobbying
1)finance 2)pharmaceutical 3)defense 4) technology
Rank the industry or group from greatest amount of money spent on lobbying to the last amount spent on lobbying
@some founders feared that factions would harm the country @they both seek to influence policy decisions @diverse groups ensure that power is not held by one particular group
Describe the relationship between factions and interest groups
They are both responsible for a substantial portion of money in politics
Describe the relationship between political action committees (PACs) and interest groups
Government; public
Direct lobbying involves the_ and indirect lobbying targets the_
First
For interest groups, winning the legislative battle is the _ step.
Astroturf
Grassroots lobbying efforts originate from widespread public concern._ lobbying efforts are orchestrated by an entity that try to give the impression that their movement is grassroots
What is public interest groups
Groups that lobby government for collective goods and benefit the population
A powerful few create a facade of public concern while obtaining favorable outcomes for themselves
How does the elite view of power explain the role of interest groups in the U.S
All citizens have the opportunity to organize and exercise equal power
How does the pluralist view of power explain the role of interest groups in the U.S?
Solidarity
If a person joins a non-profit group to meet more people and improve their social life in a positive way they are receiving _ benefits
Effective leadership, selective incentives
If money is scarce, what other resources do interest groups have
1970s
In the early _, gay and lesbian groups formed to promote equal rights based on sexual orientation
Transparency and discouraging gifts
Legislation aimed at lobbying reform focuses on_
NAACP-challenging segregation laws. American civil liberties union-freedom of speech. Sierra club-environmental protections. Common cause-ethics in government.
Match legal goals with the correct interest group.
Children's rights-equal opportunity interest group. Corporations and business associations-economic interest groups. Consumer groups- public interest groups. Foreign countries-government interest groups.
Match type interest group with correct category
Incumbents
Most campaign contributions from interest groups go to_
Pluralism
The idea that groups with competing interests prove all citizens with a voice in the political process
What is pluralism?
The idea that many groups share power in a representative democracy
Drafting bills in commitees
The influence of campaign contributions from interest groups is strongest in_
Public
The league of conservation voters (lCV) is an American organization that supports politicians who are pro-environment. It is an example of whAt kind of interest group?
They are an intense minority
The national rifle association has been successful because
Public interest groups
The national rifle association is an example of
The bureaucracy
The second step in enacting change for interest groups takes place in_
Lobbying
The sierra club communicates their concerns and desires directly to congress members and state legislators. This is an example of_
revolving door
The_ between the government and lobbyists creates ethical concerns about the nature of public servicr
People who do not participate in collective action efforts because they benefit anyway
What are free riders in the context of interest groups
Secure future direct lobbying opportunities
What do campaign contributions do for interests groups besides get a favorable candidate elected?
Obstacles related to incentivizing people to work together to solve a large problem
What is known as the collective action problem?
Interest groups allow people to politically represented based upon their values rather than location
What is the difference between representation in Congress and representation by interest groups
Mass movements inspire formerly passive or uninterested observers to act
What is the distinction between political action and a mass movement
Personal contact
What is the most common lobbying tactic
Finance
What is the most influential lobbying group in Washington D.C
Official mediation between the White House and interest groups
What is the office of public engagement?
Lobbying
What is the primary activity of interest groups
Collective goods
What is the primary concern of public interest groups
The absence of money guarantees failure
What is the role of money In interest group success?
The decision removed any limits on campaign contributions
What is the significance of the supreme courts ruling in citizens United v. Federal election commission (2012)?
Program monitoring,agenda building,participation
What lobbying tactics do interest groups use to influence the government?
expressive
When people join Sierra club because they are really committed to conservation,they are receiving _ benefits from their participation
The U.S Congress of catholic bishops,Sierra club, and the American civil rights liberties union
Which are examples of public interest groups
Material,solidarity,expressive benefits
Which concepts are examples of selective incentives
1980s
Which decade marked the professionalization of the lobby industry
James Madison
Which founder wrote about factions in the federalist papers
Eagle Forum
Which gender-based interest group represents the conservative agenda?
children
Which group is most impacted by poverty
The poor,children
Which groups are underrepresented in American politics
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Which interest group is the largest race based equal opportunity group in the U.S
@issue advocacy ads,@publicizing research.@social protest
Which of the following are examples of indirect lobbying?
Grass roots movement are less common than AstroTurf movements
Which statement is true regarding grassroots social movements?
issue advocacy ads
advertisements paid for by soft money, and thus not regulated, that promote certain issue positions but do not endorse specific candidates
Interest groups are
an organized group of people with common objectives who actively try to influence policymaking
indirect lobbying
attempts to influence government policymakers by encouraging the general public to put pressure on them
selective incentives
benefits that are available only to group members as an inducement to get them to join
direct lobbying
direct interaction with public officials for the purpose of influencing policy decisions
public interest groups
groups that organize to influence government to produce collective goods or services that benefit the general public
equal opportunity interest groups
groups that organize to promote the civil and economic rights of underrepresented or disadvantaged groups
Government Interest Groups
groups that organize to represent foreign or domestic governments, and to lobby Congress and the president on their behalf
astroturf lobbying
indirect lobbying efforts that manipulate or create public sentiment, "astroturf" being artificial grassroots
grassroots lobbying
indirect lobbying efforts that spring from widespread public concern
Lobbying
interest group activities aimed at persuading policymakers to support the group's positions
Free riders
people who refuse to spend time, money, or effort on the collective solution because they can reap the benefits whether they join or not
social protest
public activities designed to bring attention to political causes, usually generated by those without access to conventional means of expressing their views
material benefits
selective incentives in the form of tangible rewards
solitary benefits
selective incentives related to the interaction and bonding among group members
expressive benefits
selective incentives that derive from the opportunity to express values and beliefs and to be committed to a greater cause
Super PACs
special PACs that can spend unlimited amounts of money on a candidate's behalf but are not allowed to coordinate their efforts with those of the candidate's campaign
collective action problem
the difficulty in organizing large groups because of the tendency of some individuals to freeload or slack off
revolving door
the tendency of public officials, journalists, and lobbyists to move between public and private sector (media, lobbying) jobs