Chapter 13-keeping up with the republic

@Congress and lobbyists are quick to find loopholes to sustain their mutually beneficial relationship.@the number of registered lobbyists dropped significantly between 2007-2013

Which statements are true regarding lobbying and ethics reform in the U.S

Public

Which type of interest group is most vulnerable to the free rider problem?

Cesar Chavez

Who was the leader of the United States farm workers?

free riders problem

Why are public issues like pollution and improving roads and bridges hard to solve?

Citizens identify a common threat

Why do interest groups form

collective good

a good or service that, by its very nature, cannot be denied to anyone who wants to consume it

faction

a group of citizens united by some common passion or interest and opposed to the rights of other citizens or to the interests of the whole community

Interest groups, the federal bureaucracy, and congress

The "iron triangle" is a relationship between _,_,_

Professional association

The American bar association is a

education

The American civil liberties union maintains a website featuring information about issues they work on and how to get involved and act. This is an example of an interest group providing_

2nd Amendment

The National Rifle Association advocated for the protection of the

Entitles groups to keep the identity of their individual donors secrets

The citizens United decision removed the cap on campaign contributions from groups and_

Political Action Committee (PAC)

The fundraising arms of interest groups

Issue advocacy ads are legally permitted to directly support a canadidate

Which statement is true regarding issue advocate ads?

@business associations formed in response to organized labor.@ union membership has been declining since the 1950s.@ labor unions have considerable power at the state level.

Which statements are true regarding labor unions

business

Seventy percent of interest groups that lobby politicians in Washington, D.C., are_ interest groups

True

Pluralists believe that interests groups are beneficial for a functioning democracy

Material

A magazine or newspaper is an example of _ benefits

True

Poor people are the last to be included in interest group politics

Universal background checks

According to polls the majority of national rifle association members support

Inside

Another name for direct lobbying is _ lobbying.

outside

Another name for indirect lobbying is_ lobbying

Indirect

Protesting is an example of _ lobbying

1)finance 2)pharmaceutical 3)defense 4) technology

Rank the industry or group from greatest amount of money spent on lobbying to the last amount spent on lobbying

@some founders feared that factions would harm the country @they both seek to influence policy decisions @diverse groups ensure that power is not held by one particular group

Describe the relationship between factions and interest groups

They are both responsible for a substantial portion of money in politics

Describe the relationship between political action committees (PACs) and interest groups

Government; public

Direct lobbying involves the_ and indirect lobbying targets the_

First

For interest groups, winning the legislative battle is the _ step.

Astroturf

Grassroots lobbying efforts originate from widespread public concern._ lobbying efforts are orchestrated by an entity that try to give the impression that their movement is grassroots

What is public interest groups

Groups that lobby government for collective goods and benefit the population

A powerful few create a facade of public concern while obtaining favorable outcomes for themselves

How does the elite view of power explain the role of interest groups in the U.S

All citizens have the opportunity to organize and exercise equal power

How does the pluralist view of power explain the role of interest groups in the U.S?

Solidarity

If a person joins a non-profit group to meet more people and improve their social life in a positive way they are receiving _ benefits

Effective leadership, selective incentives

If money is scarce, what other resources do interest groups have

1970s

In the early _, gay and lesbian groups formed to promote equal rights based on sexual orientation

Transparency and discouraging gifts

Legislation aimed at lobbying reform focuses on_

NAACP-challenging segregation laws. American civil liberties union-freedom of speech. Sierra club-environmental protections. Common cause-ethics in government.

Match legal goals with the correct interest group.

Children's rights-equal opportunity interest group. Corporations and business associations-economic interest groups. Consumer groups- public interest groups. Foreign countries-government interest groups.

Match type interest group with correct category

Incumbents

Most campaign contributions from interest groups go to_

Pluralism

The idea that groups with competing interests prove all citizens with a voice in the political process

What is pluralism?

The idea that many groups share power in a representative democracy

Drafting bills in commitees

The influence of campaign contributions from interest groups is strongest in_

Public

The league of conservation voters (lCV) is an American organization that supports politicians who are pro-environment. It is an example of whAt kind of interest group?

They are an intense minority

The national rifle association has been successful because

Public interest groups

The national rifle association is an example of

The bureaucracy

The second step in enacting change for interest groups takes place in_

Lobbying

The sierra club communicates their concerns and desires directly to congress members and state legislators. This is an example of_

revolving door

The_ between the government and lobbyists creates ethical concerns about the nature of public servicr

People who do not participate in collective action efforts because they benefit anyway

What are free riders in the context of interest groups

Secure future direct lobbying opportunities

What do campaign contributions do for interests groups besides get a favorable candidate elected?

Obstacles related to incentivizing people to work together to solve a large problem

What is known as the collective action problem?

Interest groups allow people to politically represented based upon their values rather than location

What is the difference between representation in Congress and representation by interest groups

Mass movements inspire formerly passive or uninterested observers to act

What is the distinction between political action and a mass movement

Personal contact

What is the most common lobbying tactic

Finance

What is the most influential lobbying group in Washington D.C

Official mediation between the White House and interest groups

What is the office of public engagement?

Lobbying

What is the primary activity of interest groups

Collective goods

What is the primary concern of public interest groups

The absence of money guarantees failure

What is the role of money In interest group success?

The decision removed any limits on campaign contributions

What is the significance of the supreme courts ruling in citizens United v. Federal election commission (2012)?

Program monitoring,agenda building,participation

What lobbying tactics do interest groups use to influence the government?

expressive

When people join Sierra club because they are really committed to conservation,they are receiving _ benefits from their participation

The U.S Congress of catholic bishops,Sierra club, and the American civil rights liberties union

Which are examples of public interest groups

Material,solidarity,expressive benefits

Which concepts are examples of selective incentives

1980s

Which decade marked the professionalization of the lobby industry

James Madison

Which founder wrote about factions in the federalist papers

Eagle Forum

Which gender-based interest group represents the conservative agenda?

children

Which group is most impacted by poverty

The poor,children

Which groups are underrepresented in American politics

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Which interest group is the largest race based equal opportunity group in the U.S

@issue advocacy ads,@publicizing research.@social protest

Which of the following are examples of indirect lobbying?

Grass roots movement are less common than AstroTurf movements

Which statement is true regarding grassroots social movements?

issue advocacy ads

advertisements paid for by soft money, and thus not regulated, that promote certain issue positions but do not endorse specific candidates

Interest groups are

an organized group of people with common objectives who actively try to influence policymaking

indirect lobbying

attempts to influence government policymakers by encouraging the general public to put pressure on them

selective incentives

benefits that are available only to group members as an inducement to get them to join

direct lobbying

direct interaction with public officials for the purpose of influencing policy decisions

public interest groups

groups that organize to influence government to produce collective goods or services that benefit the general public

equal opportunity interest groups

groups that organize to promote the civil and economic rights of underrepresented or disadvantaged groups

Government Interest Groups

groups that organize to represent foreign or domestic governments, and to lobby Congress and the president on their behalf

astroturf lobbying

indirect lobbying efforts that manipulate or create public sentiment, "astroturf" being artificial grassroots

grassroots lobbying

indirect lobbying efforts that spring from widespread public concern

Lobbying

interest group activities aimed at persuading policymakers to support the group's positions

Free riders

people who refuse to spend time, money, or effort on the collective solution because they can reap the benefits whether they join or not

social protest

public activities designed to bring attention to political causes, usually generated by those without access to conventional means of expressing their views

material benefits

selective incentives in the form of tangible rewards

solitary benefits

selective incentives related to the interaction and bonding among group members

expressive benefits

selective incentives that derive from the opportunity to express values and beliefs and to be committed to a greater cause

Super PACs

special PACs that can spend unlimited amounts of money on a candidate's behalf but are not allowed to coordinate their efforts with those of the candidate's campaign

collective action problem

the difficulty in organizing large groups because of the tendency of some individuals to freeload or slack off

revolving door

the tendency of public officials, journalists, and lobbyists to move between public and private sector (media, lobbying) jobs