MGMT 496 Chapter 1 Developing Self-Awareness

Lana was sitting somberly in her office. Her face had an angry expression and she had a tear in her eye. One of her co-workers asked her how she was doing. Lana responded, "I am fine." Concerned, the co-worker asked, "Are you sure?" Lana again responded, "Yes, there is nothing wrong, I am fine." Which emotional intelligence ability does Lana most likely need to develop? A) Ability to diagnose and recognize your own emotions B) Ability to control your emotions C) Ability to recognize and diagnose emotions displayed by others D) Ability to respond appropriately to others' emotional cues

A) Ability to diagnose and recognize your own emotions Though Lana is clearly upset, she responds twice that nothing is wrong. Recognizing your own emotions is the first step to controlling them.

Which of the following Big Five personality traits is the strongest predictor of job performance? A) Conscientiousness B) Openness to experience C) Extraversion D) Agreeableness

A) Conscientiousness Research shows that there is a strong relationship between conscientiousness and overall job performance.

Individuals who tend to prefer jobs in fields such as social work where personal interactions predominate have which cognitive style? A) Creating cognitive style B) Knowing cognitive style C) Planning cognitive style D) None of the three cognitive styles are more likely in individuals who choose such a career.

A) Creating cognitive style People with a creating cognitive style are likely to prefer experimentation, nonrational thinking, and creativity. This leads them to choose careers where personal interactions predominate.

During the 1992 riots in Los Angeles where many individuals took merchandise, some argued that looters took only what they needed, like food and diapers, whereas others argued looters took only what they had been denied by the system, like TVs and stereos. If these looters were focusing on their own needs, what was their level of values maturity? A) First level of maturity B) Second level of maturity C) Third level of maturity

A) First level of maturity The first level of maturity is called the self-centered level and focuses on personal needs and wants.

You need a little extra money, so you added an extra $100 to your expense reimbursement statement before handing the receipts over to accounting. Your co-worker Sara added over $1000 to her statement. If you believe Sara's actions are worse than yours, what is your level of values maturity? A) First level of maturity B) Second level of maturity C) Third level of maturity

A) First level of maturity Under the self-centered level, stealing $1000 is worse because it has more negative consequences to your company.

Harpreet is a member of an environmental protection group as she feels strongly that humans must act to preserve their environment. She works in a restaurant that uses a great deal of Styrofoam packaging for take-out food. What is most likely to occur? A) Harpreet will feel frustrated because her personal values are in conflict with her company's values. B) Harpreet will feel frustrated because her national values are in conflict with her company's values. C) Because Harpreet is following her own principles in her personal life, she is unlikely to be affected by the incongruence with the values of the organization. D) If Harpreet's national culture is high in specificity (as opposed to diffusion), then she will not be bothered by the company actions as she would easily be able to separate her personal and work values.

A) Harpreet will feel frustrated because her personal values are in conflict with her company's values. Holding values that are inconsistent with company values is a major source of frustration.

During a meeting, Bruce turns to you and comments, "We really shouldn't be making a decision until we have got a better handle on the facts and data. New ideas are fine, but if we can't back them up with credible and precise analysis, we shouldn't be taking the risk." Based on this comment, you recognize that Bruce is probably strongest on which dimension of cognitive style? A) Knowing B) Planning C) Creating D) Accommodating

A) Knowing People with a strong knowing style tend to emphasize facts, details, and precise data analysis. They often are skeptical of innovation.

It is obvious that Talia values her privacy as she rarely talks about her husband and children in conversations with her co-workers. Based on Trompenaars' dimensions of national culture, which cultural dimension does Talia's behavior in the workplace most closely relate to? A) Specific vs. diffuse B) Achievement vs. ascription C) Universalism vs. particularism D) Individualism vs. collectivism E) Affective vs. neutral

A) Specific vs. diffuse Talia is segregating her personal and professional lives, which relates to the specific vs. diffuse cultural dimension.

Which of the following statements are true? 1. Your cognitive style is the same as your personality type. 2. Your cognitive style is innate and cannot be changed. 3. The three cognitive styles are knowing, planning, and creating. A) Statement 3 is true, and statements 1 and 2 are false. B) Statements 2 and 3 are true, and statement 1 is false. C) None of the statements are true. D) All of the statements are true.

A) Statement 3 is true, and statements 1 and 2 are false. Statement 1 is incorrect—Cognitive style and personality type are not the same. Statement 2 is incorrect. Cognitive styles are habits but are not unchangeable. Statement 3 is correct.

Which best defines core self-evaluation? A) The evaluation each person has developed about himself or herself B) The evaluation of dominant personality traits that are core to a person's management skills C) The evaluation other people give to a person's most dominant personality traits D) The evaluation each person gives of himself or herself to appraise eligibility for salary increases

A) The evaluation each person has developed about himself or herself It is also defined as overall positive self-regard.

The individual most likely to be entrepreneurial in his/her actions is someone with a(n) A) high tolerance of ambiguity. B) low tolerance of ambiguity. C) external locus of control. D) lateral locus of control.

A) high tolerance of ambiguity. This is because they thrive in situations that are unclear, dynamic, and unstructured.

​"Who you​ know" represents which type of​ culture? A. Ascription B. Collectivist C. Ancient D. Achievement E. Classic

A. Ascription

_______ emerge from your strongly held values and are the means by which your values are manifest. A. Character strengths B. Personality dimensions C. Cognitive styles D. Moral maturity levels E. Change orientations

A. Character strengths

In countries such as Switzerland and​ Norway, behavior is governed by societal​ standards, rules, and norms. Which cultural value dimension does this best​ reflect? A. Universalism B. Multiculturalism C. Individualism D. Particularism E. Collectivism

A. Universalism

The dynamics of an​ individual's behavior are best represented by​ _______________________. A. personal values B. cognitive abilities C. reasoning D. understanding E. emotion

A. personal values

The manner in which individuals gather and process information is a part of which of the following? A) Personal values B) Cognitive style C) Adaptability D) Creativity

B) Cognitive style This information-gathering process is important; researchers have found that differences in cognitive style influence our perceptions, learning, problem solving, decision making, creativity, and communication.

If you believe a government policy would benefit those that are less advantaged than yourself, what view of ethics is this? A) Golden rule test B) Equal treatment test C) Cost-benefit test D) Personal gain test

B) Equal treatment test This policy appears to give full consideration to the rights and needs of the less advantaged.

After the professor passed back the graded test, you heard a student remark, "I didn't do well because the professor gave us tricky questions." Which locus of control does this student most likely have? A) Internal locus of control B) External locus of control C) High tolerance for ambiguity D) Small locus of control

B) External locus of control An external believes that environmental factors and other people are in control of his or her performance. Here, the student's remark shows that he or she is blaming the professor for the low test score.

Janet reads her horoscope and calls the psychic hot line for advice every day. Which would most likely apply to Janet? A) Internal locus of control B) External locus of control C) Tolerance for ambiguity D) None of the above

B) External locus of control Janet's behavior is most applicable to an external locus of control (she is seeking to discover what her future holds).

Employees at Turner, Inc. are engaged in a debate over the merits of an individual vs. a team-based compensation program. Based on Trompenaars' dimensions of national culture, which cultural dimension does this debate most closely relate to? A) Universalism vs. particularism B) Individualism vs. collectivism C) Affective vs. neutral D) Achievement vs. ascription E) Internal vs. external

B) Individualism vs. collectivism Individualism vs. collectivism refers to whether the culture emphasizes the individual versus the group.

In a meeting, you hear Mary say, "Some things are just meant to be," and "The economic health of this country is largely beyond the control of the individual." You classify Mary as a person with an external locus of control. As compared to someone with a more internal locus of control, what would you expect about Mary? A) Less satisfaction with her work B) Less alienation from the work environment C) More accuracy in processing feedback about her successes and failures D) Less difficulty making decisions with serious consequences for others

B) Less alienation from the work environment Internals are less alienated from the work environment.

If a job requires someone to be able to focus on only one element of information in order to not become distracted, which of the following would best match those requirements? A) High tolerance of ambiguity B) Low tolerance of ambiguity C) High instrumental values D) Low cognitive style

B) Low tolerance of ambiguity An individual with a low tolerance for ambiguity sometimes has difficulty focusing on several tasks at once, but may more easily focus on a single element of information.

George has returned from his two-week trip to India. He believes his trip has provided an introspection that increased his self-knowledge. When you begin to question him about his experiences, he becomes defensive and states, "I don't want to talk about it with you!" Based on the review of self-awareness in the text, what would be the most accurate conclusion? A) Yes, it probably has increased his self-knowledge. Now he is protective of that knowledge. B) No, it probably has not increased his self-knowledge. C) Maybe, maybe not, depends upon what rituals he practiced. D) Yes, because he has become more self-assertive and aware of what he wants to talk about.

B) No, it probably has not increased his self-knowledge. George's unwillingness to share insights he gained indicates that he has probably not increased his self-knowledge. If he truly had gained awareness, he would be eager and willing to share it.

At the beginning of your team's first meeting, Betsy said, "I think it's really important that we develop a clear agenda for what we want to accomplish and then decide who is going to do what." Based on this comment, you suspect that Betsy is strongest on which dimension of cognitive style? A) Knowing B) Planning C) Creating D) Assimilating

B) Planning People with a strong planning style emphasize agendas and structured planning.

Your boss was arrested for embezzlement at the office. As he walks past you handcuffed, he states, "You know, you and I possess the same values, I just didn't stick to mine." Which is the boss an example of? A) Lack of character strengths B) Poor ethical decision making C) Poor information gathering D) Conformity level of values maturity

B) Poor ethical decision making This indicates that he has a value system that emphasizes honesty and company loyalty. However, he failed to act in accordance with it.

You added an extra $100 to your expense statement and Sara added an extra $1000 to her expense statement. If you believe both of you are equally wrong (this does violate company policy), what is your level of values maturity? A) First level of maturity B) Second level of maturity C) Third level of maturity

B) Second level of maturity Though you would hold the behaviors equally wrong under both the second and third levels of maturity, the difference is that under the second level, it is wrong because it violates a rule or policy, rather than because it violates universal principles of right and wrong.

How can the enigma of self-awareness be managed? A) Avoid information contradictory to one's self-image B) Seek information from others about one's self C) Make sure to cross the sensitive lines of others D) Challenge information inconsistent with one's self-image

B) Seek information from others about one's self It is almost impossible to increase skill in self-awareness unless we interact with and disclose ourselves to others, because they see attributes and behaviors that we are unaware of.

To become a better manager, what is one of the first things one should do? A) Improve one's communication skills B) Seek knowledge of oneself C) Manage one's time better D) Empower one's employees

B) Seek knowledge of oneself This self-knowledge is necessary because we cannot improve ourselves or develop new capabilities unless and until we know what level of capabilities we currently possess.

Your personal cognitive style is based on which of the following two dimensions? A) The manner in which you gather information and whether you think it is true B) The manner in which you gather information and the way in which you act on that information C) Horizontal and vertical D) The manner in which others gather information about you and the way you react to their behaviors

B) The manner in which you gather information and the way in which you act on that information Cognitive style refers to the inclination each of us has to perceive, interpret, and respond to information in a certain way. The three dimensions of cognitive style are knowing, planning, and creating.

What is neuroticism? A) The extent to which people see themselves as capable and successful B) The tendency to have a negative outlook and pessimistic approach to life C) The belief that one can control his or her experiences D) The generalized sense of one's ability to perform capably across a variety of circumstances

B) The tendency to have a negative outlook and pessimistic approach to life Because this is a negative, rather than a positive, attribute, it is reverse-scored. That is, a higher neuroticism score will lower one's core self-evaluation.

Bob enjoys his management professor. She hands out vague assignments and encourages him to be creative and to look at things a different way. Which best describes Bob's tolerance? A) Tolerant of familiar information B) Tolerant of distinctive or unrelated information C) Intolerant of problems that are difficult to solve D) Tolerant of contradictory information

B) Tolerant of distinctive or unrelated information The tolerance for ambiguity scale computes three subscores. They are novelty (the extent to which you are tolerant of new or unfamiliar information or situations), complexity (the extent to which you are tolerant of multiple, distinctive, or unrelated information), and insolubility (the extent to which you are tolerant of difficult problems in which solutions are not clearly evident or information is missing). This situation best fits with complexity or possibly insolubility. Because answer choice B defines complexity, and none of the answer choices define insolubility, this is the best answer.

Nobody seems to know what their role is and what they are supposed to do in one of your divisions. Two people have applied for the job as manager of this struggling division. They are equal in experience and knowledge; however, Robert has been classified as external and Susan has been classified as an internal. Who should you hire? A) You should hire Susan. B) You should hire Robert. C) You should continue your job search outside the division, as neither Susan nor Robert are qualified for the job. D) These classifications do not help in selecting the right candidate for this job.

B) You should hire Robert. Though internal locus of control is generally the preferred attribute, an individual with an external locus of control is more likely to initiate structure and clarify roles, something that this struggling division needs. Robert is the better choice.

George made the following comment to Sarah, one of his co-workers: "Gene's recommendation to cut costs by eliminating travel to training seminars just shows he really isn't aware of how important training is. His lack of insight shows that people of his background aren't savvy enough to figure out the business world." George's comment is A) observing a difference. B) creating a distinction. C) focusing on an artificial social barrier. D) creating a false value for a particular background.

B) creating a distinction. A distinction is more than just being aware of a difference. It is creating a barrier between groups of people based on generalized (and usually unwarranted assumptions. In this case, George creates a social barrier around people of Gene's "background."

​"I was the cause of the success or failure of the​ change" is representative of which locus of​ control? A. Upward B. Internal C. Positive D. Negative E. External

B. Internal

The​ ______ assesses 24 main character strengths including love of​ learning, forgiveness,​ leadership, social​ intelligence, and honesty. A. The Locus of Control B. The VIA Instrument C. Hofstede's Dimensions D. The Core​ Self-Evaluation Survey E. The Big Five

B. The VIA Instrument

What is expected to be a key challenge for managers as they prepare for the​ twenty-first century and​ beyond? A. The ability to take the predictions of economists at face value B. The inability to prepare for a world that cannot be predicted by the experiences of the past C. How to best ensure personal uniformity D. The inability to develop and implement universal metrics E. Using behavior tests to predict all human behavior

B. The inability to prepare for a world that cannot be predicted by the experiences of the past

Self-esteem, generalized​ self-efficacy, neuroticism, and locus of control comprise​ _______________. A. self-understanding B. core​ self-evaluation C. tolerance of ambiguity D. emotional intelligence E. cognitive style

B. core​ self-evaluation

Responding to a remark from a peer that a report looks like it was slapped together at the last minute (you had spent most of last week working on it), the sensitive line was crossed. Which of the following is a response most related to the sensitive line being crossed? A) "I think you are right, thanks for the feedback." B) "You don't know what you are talking about! Call my boss if you don't believe me!" C) "Well, maybe I did or maybe I didn't, what do you care?" D) "Could you tell me how I might improve the report?"

C) "Well, maybe I did or maybe I didn't, what do you care?" This is typical threat-rigidity response attacking the validity of the co-worker's opinion which accompanies a breach of the sensitive line.

Which statement is accurate concerning the abilities listed in the author's definition of emotional intelligence and the list provided below? 1. ability to diagnose and recognize emotions 2. ability to control emotions 3. ability to lead a team 4. ability to manage with self-confidence A) All abilities above are included in the author's definition. B) Abilities 1 and 3 are included in the author's definition. C) Abilities 1 and 2 are included in the author's definition. D) Abilities 1 and 4 are included in the author's definition. E) None of the abilities are included in the author's definition.

C) Abilities 1 and 2 are included in the author's definition. There are four abilities involved with emotional intelligence. They are (1) The ability to diagnose and recognize your own emotions; (2) The ability to control your own emotions; (3) The ability to recognize and diagnose the emotions displayed by others; (4) The ability to respond appropriately to those emotional cues.

After graduation you have decided to stay in Bedford Falls, the only place you have ever known. Which area of self-awareness most likely affected your decision? A) Cognitive style B) Interpersonal needs C) Attitudes toward change D) Instrumental values

C) Attitudes toward change The text mentions two dimensions of orientation toward change: (1) Tolerance of ambiguity and (2) locus of control. That you wanted to remain in the same town you grew up in indicates that you probably have a low tolerance for ambiguity, making you resistant to change.

Which components contribute to the attribute of core self-evaluation? 1. self-esteem 2. self-efficacy 3. locus of control 4. extroversion A) Components 1 and 2 contribute. B) Components 1 and 4 contribute. C) Components 1, 2, and 3 contribute D) Components 1, 2, and 4 contribute.

C) Components 1, 2, and 3 contribute The latent attribute of core self-evaluation is comprised of four components: (1) self-esteem, (2) self-efficacy, (3) neuroticism, and (4) locus of control.

Which is not one of the most researched big five personality attributes? A) Extraversion B) Agreeableness C) Ego D) Neuroticism E) Conscientiousness

C) Ego The big five personality attributes are extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness to experience.

What does the text suggest is an important element in gaining self awareness? A) Practicing introverted reflection B) Being careful to not cross the sensitive line C) Involving others D) Being highly selective about who to get information from

C) Involving others Involving others brings helpful insights and the perspectives of others into the quest for self-discovery. They often see things more clearly than we see them ourselves.

On the Locus of Control Scale discussed in the Skill Assessment portion of your text, Morgan scored below the mean and George scored above the mean. How could these results be interpreted? A) Both Morgan and George have an internal locus of control. B) Both Morgan and George have an external locus of control. C) Morgan has an internal locus of control and George has an external locus of control. D) Morgan has an external locus of control and George has an internal locus of control.

C) Morgan has an internal locus of control and George has an external locus of control. Any score above the mean indicates an external locus of control, while a score below the mean indicates an internal locus of control.

You think you would like to join the Peace Corps and see the world, live in another culture, and experience new situations. Which subscale from the Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale would indicate whether you would enjoy the Peace Corps experience? A) Insolubility B) Complexity C) Novelty D) None of the above

C) Novelty Novelty indicates the extent to which you are tolerant of new, unfamiliar information or circumstances.

Some of the areas of self-awareness are listed in 1 through 4. Which of the following are correctly listed as areas of self-awareness? 1. personal values 2. creativity 3. emotional intelligence 4. core self-evaluation A) All four areas listed are correct. B) Only areas 1 and 4 are correct. C) Only area 2 is incorrect. D) None of the four areas listed are correct.

C) Only area 2 is incorrect. Personal values, cognitive style, emotional intelligence, orientation toward change, and core self-evaluation are all important areas of self-awareness. Creativity, however, is not a part of self-awareness.

Which of the following statements are correct? (1) individuals differ in their level of values development, (2) individuals hold different sets of instrumental values at different stages of development, and (3) peoples' value priorities do not change once they become adults. A) All three statements are correct. B) Only statements 1 and 3 are correct. C) Only statements 1 and 2 are correct. D) Only statements 2 and 3 are correct.

C) Only statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect. Rather than becoming permanently fixed in early adulthood, an individual's value priorities do in fact change according to his or her value maturity.

Your co-worker Sandy plans her vacations 12 months in advance and is the first to volunteer to create agendas for team meetings. Which cognitive style does Sandy's behavior exhibit? A) Creating cognitive style B) Obsessive cognitive style C) Planning cognitive style D) None of the above

C) Planning cognitive style Planning cognitive style is exhibited by structure, preparation, and planning. Sandy's 12-month vacation plans and focus on preparation for team meetings is an example of the planning cognitive style.

What does the Locus of Control Scale measure? A) The ways in which a person goes about gathering and evaluating information B) A person's value system C) The extent to which a person feels able to affect his or her life D) A person's tolerance of ambiguity

C) The extent to which a person feels able to affect his or her life An internal believes that he or she is in charge of his or her own life, while an external believes that his or her life is controlled by outside forces.

Which best describes core self-evaluation? A) The extent to which people accurately evaluate how others think about them B) The extent to which people are able to diagnose their own emotions C) The extent to which people value themselves and feel proficient as individuals D) The extent to which people want affection

C) The extent to which people value themselves and feel proficient as individuals The four components of self-esteem are (value), self-efficacy (proficiency), neuroticism (proficiency and value), and locus of control (proficiency).

In Trompenaars' dimensions of national culture, which value dimensions refer to how individuals relate to others? 1. Universalism vs. particularism 2. Individualism vs. collectivism 3. Affective vs. neutral 4. Specific vs. diffuse 5. Achievement vs. ascription 6. Past and present vs. future 7. Internal vs. external A) All of the dimensions B) Only dimensions 1, 2, and 4 C) The first five dimensions D) Only dimension 2

C) The first five dimensions The first five pairs refer to how individuals relate to others, and the last two value dimensions refer to other relationships (though they may indirectly affect interpersonal relations). "Past and Present vs. Future" refers to how people interpret and manage time, while "Internal vs. External" refers to attitudes about control.

Your school has decided to implement a character strengths curriculum. Which of the following is most likely to be the result? A) Females will experience more positive emotions and better interpersonal relationships, whereas males will reveal greater perseverance and be more engaged in the class. B) The results will depend on the national culture. Strengths that are consistent with the specific national culture will be enhanced. C) There will be less depression and negative emotions in general, regardless of demographic factors. D) Older students will experience more positive emotions and higher levels of integrity, whereas younger students will display greater enjoyment and be more engaged in the class.

C) There will be less depression and negative emotions in general, regardless of demographic factors. This is one of the significant effects found in studies of character strength based curriculums.

If you stole something to save a stranger's life (you received no compensation), what would be your level of moral judgment? A) First level of maturity B) Second level of maturity C) Third level of maturity

C) Third level of maturity You made a judgment that human life is more important than laws against stealing, which seems to be based on universal principles of right and wrong.

What method do the textbook authors propose to correct the problem of multiple definitions of emotional intelligence? A) Use definitions proposed by the original developers of emotional intelligence theories B) Use definitions that distinguish among personality traits and cognitive traits C) Use definitions that distinguish among emotional intelligence and emotional competence D) Use definitions that were developed within the last year

C) Use definitions that distinguish among emotional intelligence and emotional competence This distinguishing definition helps to separate the cognitive processes (emotional intelligence) from the learned behaviors (emotional competence) that build on them.

How should managers know and accept others? A) Be an enigma to themselves B) Work toward enlightenment and unselfishness C) Work toward self-awareness and self-acceptance D) Work toward self-reverence and reflection

C) Work toward self-awareness and self-acceptance Once managers are aware of and accept themselves, they are able to understand and accept others.

Research suggests individuals with low tolerance for ambiguity and low cognitive complexity are A) better transmitters of information. B) able to interpret more cues. C) less behaviorally adaptive. D) unable to understand abstract ideas.

C) less behaviorally adaptive. Behavior adaptation often depends on one's ability to deal with ambiguous, incomplete, and unstructured situations. By definition, an individual with a low tolerance for ambiguity will have more difficulty in such a situation.

Among college​ students, cognitive style is LEAST likely correlated to​ _____________________. A. responding to information B. how information is interpreted C. academic performance D. how information is perceived E. gathering information

C. academic performance

A person with​ __________ generally believes that what happens to them is the product of outside forces​ (i.e., luck or​ fate). A. an internal locus of control B. emotional intelligence C. an external locus of control D. narcissism E. internal malevolence

C. an external locus of control

In addition to job​ satisfaction, core​ self-evaluation is also strongly related to​ _______________. A. earning power B. self-actualization C. job performance D. job expansion E. time on the job

C. job performance

The following personality dimensions - neuroticism, extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness - are known as​ _________________. A. communication barriers B. assessment instruments C. the​ "Big Five" D. personality disorders E. "trigger emotions"

C. the​ "Big Five"

Individuals who have a high​ _______________________ tend to have less difficulty coping with situations where change occurs rapidly or unpredictably. A. level of intellect B. IQ C. tolerance of ambiguity D. body of knowledge E. level of emotional intelligence

C. tolerance of ambiguity

Javier was getting a drink from the water cooler when Hartman approached excitedly and exclaimed, "Guess what, Javier? I got the deal ... I got the big contract ... we finally closed the sale with that giant computer company. I am so excited." Javier responded in a soft voice, "That's nice." Which emotional intelligence ability does Javier most likely need to develop? A) Ability to diagnose and recognize your own emotions B) Ability to control your emotions C) Ability to recognize and diagnose emotions displayed by others D) Ability to respond appropriately to others' emotional cues

D) Ability to respond appropriately to others' emotional cues It appears that Javier recognized Hartman's excitement but did not respond appropriately.

Research suggests people with an internal locus of control (1) are more satisfied with work, (2) outperform externals in stressful situations, and (3) are less accurate in processing feedback about successes and failures than externals. Which statements are correct? A) Statements 1 and 2 are correct. B) Statement 2 is incorrect. C) Statement 2 and 3 are correct. D) All of the statements are correct.

D) All of the statements are correct. Despite some drawbacks, people in America are handicapped by an external locus of control.

You want to be seen as interpersonally competent and be well liked by your college peers. Which behaviors are most likely to be viewed positively? A) Consistently supply creative solutions to problems B) Openly and honestly share everything about yourself whenever the opportunity arises C) Maintain privacy and be secretive about your life, creating an air of mystery D) Be willing to disclose yourself to others and share personal insights in discussions

D) Be willing to disclose yourself to others and share personal insights in discussions High self-disclosers are seen as more interpersonally competent, are liked better, have closer relationships and are seen as more similar and enjoyable that low self-disclosers.

As manager, you have decided to enforce a new policy restricting dating in the office. You are comfortable with the policy and have decided that the policy will affect you also. Which ethical test did you most likely employ? A) Personal gain test B) Equal treatment test C) Cost-benefit test D) Golden rule test

D) Golden rule test The golden rule test asks whether you would be willing to be treated in the same manner.

As compared to those with an external locus of control, research suggests that internals (1) are more likely to comply with leader directions, (2) are more likely to be promoted, and (3) engage in more entrepreneurial activities. Which statements are correct? A) All three statements are correct. B) Only statements 1 and 2 are correct. C) Only statements 1 and 3 are correct. D) Only statements 2 and 3 are correct.

D) Only statements 2 and 3 are correct. Statement 1 is incorrect. Internals are less likely to comply with leader directions than externals do. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct.

Which of the following is not included in the definition of emotional intelligence adopted by the textbook authors? A) The ability to diagnose and recognize your own emotions B) The ability to control your own emotions C) The ability to recognize and diagnose the emotions displayed by others D) The ability to control the emotions displayed by others E) The ability to respond appropriately to the emotional cues of others

D) The ability to control the emotions displayed by others They are (1) The ability to diagnose and recognize your own emotions; (2) The ability to control your own emotions; (3) The ability to recognize and diagnose the emotions displayed by others; (4) The ability to respond appropriately to those emotional cues.

What is self-efficacy? A) The extent to which people see themselves as capable and successful B) The tendency to have a negative outlook C) The belief that one can control his or her experiences D) The generalized sense of one's ability to perform capably across a variety of circumstances

D) The generalized sense of one's ability to perform capably across a variety of circumstances Though it is possible to have varying levels of self-efficacy depending on the task, core self-evaluation refers to generalized self-efficacy, which refers to general confidence in one's abilities.

Which of the following is true concerning people who have higher core self-evaluation scores? A) They tend to be selfish. B) They tend to possess an overabundance of positive self-regard. C) They tend to avoid diagnosing others' emotions. D) They tend to choose complex and more challenging work.

D) They tend to choose complex and more challenging work. This is because high core self-evaluation scores are associated with motivation, persistence, and productivity.

Individualism holds the contributions of individuals to be most​ valued, whereas​ ____________ values team contributions. A. capitalism B. universalism C. particularism D. collectivism E. multiculturalism

D. collectivism

Which term refers to the ability to manage emotions and relationships with​ others? A. Introversion B. Intellectual maturity C. Extroversion D. Personal values E. Emotional intelligence

E. Emotional intelligence

​________ helps people to understand and manage themselves as well as understand the differences in others. A. Value recognition B. Organizational culture C. Job training D. Universalism E. Self-awareness training

E. Self-awareness training

In a study of managers on three​ continents, 74 percent of successful managers indicated that​ _______________________ was their most significant characteristic. A. work experience B. social networking C. morality D. intellectual ability E. emotional intelligence

E. emotional intelligence

You are cheating on this test because you hold to the principle of "every man for himself" and principles supersede rules and laws for principled individuals. Your stage of values maturity is the highest (level 6). True or False?

FALSE - Cheating on a test is a means to an end and is self centered. Principled individuals don't break the law just for personal advantage. They may break the law because the law violates a greater human value or is morally unjustifiable.

In order to help her newer and more experienced employees understand their differences, a manager focuses on pointing out how more experienced employees are given extra privileges for scheduling. She is successfully managing diversity by understanding differences and focusing on distinctions. True or False?

FALSE - Creating and evaluating distinctions creates barriers between people. Focusing on recognizing differences allows us to utilize individual's strengths, whereas creating distinctions reinforces advantages and disadvantages.

Emotional intelligence refers to the noncognitive capabilities and skills including social skills that affect human functioning. True or False?

FALSE - Emotional competence refers to the noncognitive capabilities and skills including social skills that affect human functioning. Emotional intelligence, according to the definition adopted by the authors, refers to the ability to diagnose, understand, and manage emotional cues.

Emotional intelligence has been identified as a moderately unimportant factor in accounting for success in leaders and managers. True or False?

FALSE - Emotional intelligence has been identified as one of the most important factors in managerial and leadership success.

According to research cited by the textbook authors, the general competency of emotional intelligence of individuals has increased over time. True or False?

FALSE - Goleman, 1988, found that general competency levels of emotional intelligence have deteriorated over time. On the other hand, IQ scores have risen by almost 25 points over the last 100 years.

Based on the Locus of Control Scale you determine you have an external locus of control. This means that you have always had an external locus of control, and will always have an external locus of control, since locus of control is a fixed trait. True or False?

FALSE - Locus of control is not an inborn trait, but results from development of a general expectancy about the dominant sources of the reinforcement they receive. In other words, it did not develop overnight. Also, locus of control can shift over time, as a function of life experience, job responsibilities, and conscious attitudes.

Managers of Spanish or Hispanic origin, in general, place a high degree of emphasis on personal accomplishments and achievements. True or False?

FALSE - Managers of Spanish origin place a high degree of emphasis on individual relationships, team contributions, and showing emotions.

Someone who is strong on the creating dimension of cognitive style tends to focus on the credibility of data and will emphasize accuracy and precision. True or False?

FALSE - People with a creating style emphasize creativity and risk-taking, and may be resistant to structure and precedent. They also may be prone to making mistakes, so an emphasis on accuracy and precision is not a characteristic of creating style.

Results of research studies indicate that cognitive intelligence is twice as important in contributing to excellence as emotional intelligence. True or False?

FALSE - Results of research indicate that emotional intelligence is twice as important in contributing to excellence (not the other way around).

Self-awareness can be managed by exercising minimal control over when and what kind of information one receives about oneself and by not involving others in the pursuit of self-understanding. True or False?

FALSE - Self-awareness is best achieved through self-disclosure, which allows one to receive feedback and additional information from others. A quote from the text states that "Our self-reflection in a mirror does not tell us what we are like, only our reflection in other people."

Specific versus diffuse refers to the cultural dimension that either general societal rules or relationships with others govern people's behavior. True or False?

FALSE - Specific vs. diffuse refers to cultures that segregate life roles to maintain privacy and personal autonomy compared to cultures that integrate and merge their roles.

The concept of sensitive line refers to the point at which individuals welcome information about themselves from their co-workers. True or False?

FALSE - The concept of sensitive line refers to the point at which people become defensive or protective of information about themselves.

The primary dimensions of cognitive style include (1) the manner in which you gather information, and (2) the way in which you talk about information to other people. True or False?

FALSE - The primary dimensions of cognitive style include the manner in which you gather information and the manner in which you interpret and act on information. Cognitive style is not related to the way you talk to others about information.

The three dimensions of tolerance of ambiguity are novelty, insolubility, and control. True or False?

FALSE - Tolerance of ambiguity comprises three dimensions: novelty, insolubility, and complexity. High tolerance of ambiguity means that one maintains a level of comfort despite confronting change that involves any of these three characteristics.

Assume you are a male during the late 1960s. If you joined the protests against the Vietnam War because you didn't want to go (you had college to finish), your level of maturity was self-centered. True or False?

TRUE - At the principled level, you may join the protests out of a sense that the war was inherently wrong. At the conformity level, you may join the protests out of a sense of duty to society and soldiers. Here, your reason for protesting is to fulfill your own immediate interests, which is self-centered or preconventional.

By not cheating on this test, you are exhibiting character strengths in line with values of honesty. True or False?

TRUE - Character strengths emerge from your values and are the means by which your values are manifested.

Most ethical trade-offs are conflicts between two desirable ends: economic performance versus social performance. True or False?

TRUE - Ethical dilemmas arise because management decisions are not simple cases of choosing between right and wrong. Organizations have duties and aspirations both in the economic and social arenas. Social responsibility cannot be an organization's only motivating influence; without solid fiscal performance an organization cannot usually be successful. On the other hand, neither can profit or production be the only motivator. Managers must therefore make tradeoffs.

If you judge right and wrong on the basis of a set of core values developed from personal experience, you are at the principled level of maturity. True or False?

TRUE - Principled maturity is the level in which moral values reside in a commitment to freely selected standards, rights, and duties. At the highest stage of maturity, this set of values is comprehensive, consistent, and universal.

The value dimension about how people manage time relates to the emphasis people place on the past, present, or future. True or False?

TRUE - Some people value past and tradition more than future possibilities. Others place more value on the future than the past. Another variation is in the time periods attributed to our past and future (short-time horizons versus long-time horizons).

Core self-evaluation is the fundamental evaluation each person has developed about him- or herself. True or False?

TRUE - Sometimes referred to as overall self-regard, core self-evaluation is comprised of four components: (1) self-esteem, (2) self-efficacy, (3) neuroticism, and (4) locus of control. This fundamental evaluation profoundly affects each person's perceptions and behaviors.

Someone who is strong on the planning dimension of cognitive style tends to seek agendas, outlines, and clear processes. True or False?

TRUE - The planning dimension of cognitive style entails a focus on structure, plans, and preparation. Consequently, someone with a planning style would prefer using agendas, outlines, and clear processes.

Marvin consistently finds fault with Alicia's competence as a manager. Because Alicia has been told she is doing a good job she therefore responds in a threatened, rigid way. Thus, her most likely response will be to defend herself in light of Marvin's accusations. True or False?

TRUE - The threat-rigidity response occurs when people encounter information that is a threat to their self-concept. They protect themselves and become risk averse. When people respond this way, they tend to deny the validity of the contradictory information or contradict the source.

Simone will be viewed as an effective manager if she uses her ability to recognize, appreciate, and act on key fundamental differences among her employees. True or False?

TRUE - These attributes (recognizing, appreciating, and acting on fundamental employee differences) are known generally as managing diversity. Effectively managing diversity allows Simone to better utilize the differences (perspectives, strengths, and skills she finds in her employees.

The concept of personality refers to the relatively enduring combination of traits that produces consistencies in thoughts and behaviors. True or False?

TRUE - This combination of traits is what makes each of us unique. Some of our unique traits are genetic, others are learned, but it is our personality traits that manifest differences to others and inform them who we are.

Empirical evidence indicates that people who are more self-aware are healthier, perform better in leadership roles, and are more productive at work.

TRUE - This is true because we cannot improve ourselves or develop new capabilities unless and until we know what level of capability we currently possess.

Self-awareness is at the foundation of personal life management skills. True or False?

TRUE - Though self-awareness is not in itself sufficient for good life management, other management skills (such as self-control, time-management, stress mitigation) build upon strong self-awareness skills.

Emotional intelligence can be developed and improved. True or False?

TRUE - Unlike IQ, which remains relatively constant over a lifetime, emotional intelligence can be enhanced with practice and concerted effort.