Chapter 13: Quiz Questions

Select the statement about plexuses that is most correct ________. A) The dorsal rami of all spinal nerves unite to form complex networks B) Only ventral rami form plexuses C) Each branch of the plexus contains fibers from a single spinal nerve D) The ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves unite to form the thoracic plexus

Only ventral rami form plexuses

Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________. A) Meissnerʹs corpuscles B) Merkel discs C) Pacinian corpuscles D) root hair plexuses

Pacinian corpuscles

________ law states that any nerve serving a muscle that produces movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself and the skin over the joint.

Hiltonʹs

Complex motor behavior such as walking depends on ________ patterns.

fixed-action

Ventral spinal cord roots contain ________ fibers, while the dorsal roots contain ________ fibers.

motor (efferent); sensory (afferent)

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________. A) interoceptors B) photoreceptors C) nociceptors D) proprioceptors

nociceptors

Which receptors adapt most slowly? A) smell receptors B) pressure receptors C) nociceptors D) touch receptors

nociceptors

Pain perception is involved in the ________ ascending pathways of the somatosensory system.

nonspecific

A fracture of the ethmoid bone would result in damage to which cranial nerve? A) glossopharyngeal B) vagus C) olfactory D) accessory

olfactory

Which of the following nerves does not arise from the brachial plexus? A) median B) phrenic C) radial D) ulnar

phrenic

Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are, in order ________. A) rami, trunks, divisions, and cords B) rami, divisions, cords, and trunks C) divisions, rami, trunks, and cords D) trunks, divisions, cords, and rami

rami, trunks, divisions, and cords

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________. A) lumbar plexus B) femoral plexus C) sacral plexus D) thoracic plexus

sacral plexus

The largest and longest nerve of the body is found in the ________. A) cervical plexus B) brachial plexus C) lumbar plexus D) sacral plexus

sacral plexus

The patellar "knee jerk" reflex is an example of the

stretch reflex

The abducens nerve ________. A) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye B) relays sensory information from taste buds on the tongue C) exits from the medulla D) if paralyzed, exhibits Bellʹs palsy

supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________. A) pons B) thalamus C) reticular formation D) medulla

thalamus

Lumbar plexus

the obturator and femoral nerves branch from this plexus

Cervical plexus

the phrenic nerve branches from this plexus

Which of the following is not a nerve plexus? A) brachial B) cervical C) lumbar D) thoracic

thoracic

The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the ________ nerve. A) obturator B) common fibular C) tibial D) femoral

tibial

The ________ nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves.

trigeminal

Which nerve does not use the jugular foramen as a route of exit from the skull? A) trigeminal B) accessory C) vagus D) glossopharyngeal

trigeminal

The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all except the ________. A) trigeminal B) facial C) glossopharyngeal D) trochlear

trochlear

Which of the following numbers of pairs of spinal nerves is correct? A) six cervical B) twelve thoracic C) six lumbar D) eight sacral

twelve thoracic

Striking the ʺfunny boneʺ is actually stimulation of the ________. A) radial nerve B) sciatic nerve C) ulnar nerve D) median nerve

ulnar nerve

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve? A) abducens B) vestibulocochlear C) trigeminal D) accessory

vestibulocochlear

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following? A) oculomotor B) vestibulocochlear and olfactory C) trigeminal D) facial

vestibulocochlear and olfactory

Babinskiʹs sign is ________. A) normal in an infant less than 4 years old B) a reflex whose physiological mechanism is well understood C) when the great toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan laterally D) caused by incomplete development of the thalamus in the infant

when the great toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan laterally

Sacral plexus

A fall or improper administration of an injection to the buttocks may injure a nerve of this plexus

Turns the eyeball laterally

Abducens

Formed by the union of a cranial and a spinal root

Accessory

Which of the following is at the lowest level of the CNS? A) direct system B) indirect system C) projection level D) CPG

CPG

Reciprocal inhibition means that while one sensory nerve is stimulated, another sensory neuron in the same area is inhibited and cannot respond.

FALSE

The dorsal ramus consists only of motor fibers bringing information to the spinal cord.

FALSE

Produces a rapid withdrawal of the body part from a painful stimulus; ipsilateral

Flexor

________ is a protective reflex that overrides the spinal pathways and prevents any other reflexes from using them at the same time.

Flexor (polysynaptic) reflex

Produces muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to tension; the contracting muscle relaxes as its antagonist is activated

Golgi tendon

________ is the tingling sensation or numbness when blood has been cut off from an area, as when the foot ʺgoes to sleep.ʺ

Ischemia

________ are modified free-nerve endings found in the stratum germinativum.

Merkel discs

Receptors for this nerve are located in epithelium of the nasal cavity.

Olfactory

Tests both upper and lower motor pathways. The sole of the foot is stimulated with a dull instrument

Plantar

Vestibulocochlear

Serves the senses of hearing and equilibrium

The cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved in regulating motor activity, starting and stopping movements, and coordinating postural movements.

True

The facial nerve is cranial nerve number ________.

VII

Helps to regulate blood pressure and digestion

Vagus

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies? A) complete loss of sensation B) a complete loss of voluntary movement C) loss of neither sensation nor movement but only of autonomic control D) a complete loss of sensation and movement

a complete loss of voluntary movement

The cranial nerve with a dual origin (brain and spinal cord) is the ________. A) hypoglossal B) accessory C) vagus D) glossopharyngeal

accessory

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________. A) afferent nerves B) efferent nerves C) motor nerves D) mixed nerves

afferent nerves

Meissnerʹs corpuscles ________. A) are found primarily in connective tissue B) are anatomically unencapsulated C) are interoceptors D) are mechanoreceptors

are mechanoreceptors

Which of the following is NOT an example of an exteroceptor? A) baroreceptor B) pressure C) temperature D) Touch E) Pain

baroreceptor

The projection level of the brain does not include the ________. A) basal nuclei B) brain stem nuclei C) reticular formation D) cerebellum

basal nuclei

Irritation of a major nerve of this plexus may cause hiccups. A) cervical plexus B) lumbar plexus C) sacral plexus D) thoracic plexus

cervical plexus

The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves? A) pudendal and posterior femoral cutaneous B) posterior femoral cutaneous and tibial C) pudendal and common fibular D) common fibular and tibial

common fibular and tibial

Select the statement that is most correct. A) Ganglia are collections of neuron cell bodies in the CNS that are associated with efferent fibers. B) Afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons. C) The dorsal root ganglion is a motor-only structure. D) The cell bodies of afferent ganglia are located in the spinal cord.

Afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons.

Consists of an ipsilateral withdrawal reflex and a contralateral extensor reflex; important in maintaining balance

Crossed-extensor

The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers.

FALSE

The obturator nerve branches from the sacral plexus.

FALSE

There are 41 pairs of spinal nerves.

FALSE

A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle contraction is called a ________. A) Golgi tendon reflex B) flexor reflex C) crossed extensor reflex D) plantar reflex

Golgi tendon reflex

Select the correct definition. A) Magnitude estimation is the simplest level of sensation. B) Perceptual detection is the ability to detect how much stimulus is applied to the body. C) Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face. D) Spatial discrimination allows us to recognize textures.

Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face.

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________. A) Wallerian cells B) Schwann cells C) dendrites D) Golgi organs

Schwann cells

Prevents muscle overstretching and maintains muscle tone

Stretch

Brahial plexus

Striking the funny bone and trauma to a nerve of this plexus may cause wrist drop

Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of the spinal nerves.

TRUE

External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve.

TRUE

In order to regulate motor activity, to start and stop movements, and to coordinate postural movements, the cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved.

TRUE

In the somatosensory system there are no third-order neurons in the cerebellum.

TRUE

Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups.

TRUE

Spinal roots and rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers.

TRUE

The meningeal branch of a spinal nerve actually reenters the vertebral canal to innervate the meninges and blood vessels.

TRUE

The musculocutaneous nerve is a major nerve of the brachial plexus.

TRUE

The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves.

TRUE

The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers.

TRUE

Which of the following is not true about the integration center of a reflex arc? A) The center may be a single synapse between a motor and a sensory neuron. B) There are always multiple synapses with chains of interneurons. C) It is always located in the CNS. D) The center is a simple reflex arc.

There are always multiple synapses with chains of interneurons.

________ always takes a nonspecific ascending pathway. A) Touch B) Pain C) Temperature D) Arousal

Touch

The circuit level of the somatosensory system involves CNS centers in all of the following except the ________. A) spinal cord B) thalamus C) brain stem D) cerebral cortex

cerebral cortex

The ________ nerve is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve. A) ophthalmic B) maxillary C) cervical D) mandibular

cervical

The three primary levels of neural integration in a sensory system include all of the following except the ________. A) receptor level B) circuit level C) perceptual level D) effector level

effector level

In a crossed extensor reflex, if the right arm were grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________. A) also flex B) extend C) abduct D) adduct

extend

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors are ________. A) interoceptors B) exteroceptors C) proprioceptors D) chemoreceptors

exteroceptors

A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged? A) facial B) glossopharyngeal C) hypoglossal D) accessory

facial

The perineurium defines the boundary of a ________.

fascicle

A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________. A) femoral B) iliohypogastric C) sciatic D) ilioinguinal

femoral

Bellʹs palsy ________. A) is characterized by partial paralysis of diaphragm muscles B) is characterized by loss of vision C) is often caused by inflammation of the trigeminal nerve D) is characterized by paralysis of facial muscles

is characterized by paralysis of facial muscles

Regeneration within the CNS ________. A) is more successful than with the PNS B) typically allows axonal sprouting of 20 mm C) is complicated by secondary demyelination D) is promoted by growth inhibitors and glial scars

is complicated by secondary demyelination

The abducens nerve conveys proprioceptor impulses from the ________ to the brain. A) medial rectus muscle B) lateral rectus muscle C) superior rectus muscle D) inferior rectus muscle

lateral rectus muscle

Basic reflexes ________. A) are rapid, predictable, learned responses B) may be modified by learned behavior C) are autonomic only D) are always mediated by the brain

may be modified by learned behavior

The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve? A) radial B) median C) ulnar D) musculocutaneous

musculocutaneous

Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc? A) effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor B) receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector C) effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor D) receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector

receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

An improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________. A) neurofibromatosis B) postpoliomyelitis muscular atrophy C) paresthesia D) sciatica

sciatica

The peripheral nervous system includes ________. A) sensory receptors B) basal nuclei C) the spinal cord D) the corpus callosum

sensory receptors

Transduction refers to conversion of ________. A) presynaptic nerve impulses to postsynaptic nerve impulses B) stimulus information to nerve impulses C) receptor energy to stimulus energy D) afferent impulses to efferent impulses

stimulus information to nerve impulses

The ʺknee jerkʺ reflex is an example of a(n) ________. A) extensor thrust reflex B) stress reflex C) cross extensor reflex D) stretch reflex

stretch reflex