Chapter 13: Quiz Questions
Select the statement about plexuses that is most correct ________. A) The dorsal rami of all spinal nerves unite to form complex networks B) Only ventral rami form plexuses C) Each branch of the plexus contains fibers from a single spinal nerve D) The ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves unite to form the thoracic plexus
Only ventral rami form plexuses
Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________. A) Meissnerʹs corpuscles B) Merkel discs C) Pacinian corpuscles D) root hair plexuses
Pacinian corpuscles
________ law states that any nerve serving a muscle that produces movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself and the skin over the joint.
Hiltonʹs
Complex motor behavior such as walking depends on ________ patterns.
fixed-action
Ventral spinal cord roots contain ________ fibers, while the dorsal roots contain ________ fibers.
motor (efferent); sensory (afferent)
Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________. A) interoceptors B) photoreceptors C) nociceptors D) proprioceptors
nociceptors
Which receptors adapt most slowly? A) smell receptors B) pressure receptors C) nociceptors D) touch receptors
nociceptors
Pain perception is involved in the ________ ascending pathways of the somatosensory system.
nonspecific
A fracture of the ethmoid bone would result in damage to which cranial nerve? A) glossopharyngeal B) vagus C) olfactory D) accessory
olfactory
Which of the following nerves does not arise from the brachial plexus? A) median B) phrenic C) radial D) ulnar
phrenic
Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are, in order ________. A) rami, trunks, divisions, and cords B) rami, divisions, cords, and trunks C) divisions, rami, trunks, and cords D) trunks, divisions, cords, and rami
rami, trunks, divisions, and cords
Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________. A) lumbar plexus B) femoral plexus C) sacral plexus D) thoracic plexus
sacral plexus
The largest and longest nerve of the body is found in the ________. A) cervical plexus B) brachial plexus C) lumbar plexus D) sacral plexus
sacral plexus
The patellar "knee jerk" reflex is an example of the
stretch reflex
The abducens nerve ________. A) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye B) relays sensory information from taste buds on the tongue C) exits from the medulla D) if paralyzed, exhibits Bellʹs palsy
supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________. A) pons B) thalamus C) reticular formation D) medulla
thalamus
Lumbar plexus
the obturator and femoral nerves branch from this plexus
Cervical plexus
the phrenic nerve branches from this plexus
Which of the following is not a nerve plexus? A) brachial B) cervical C) lumbar D) thoracic
thoracic
The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the ________ nerve. A) obturator B) common fibular C) tibial D) femoral
tibial
The ________ nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves.
trigeminal
Which nerve does not use the jugular foramen as a route of exit from the skull? A) trigeminal B) accessory C) vagus D) glossopharyngeal
trigeminal
The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all except the ________. A) trigeminal B) facial C) glossopharyngeal D) trochlear
trochlear
Which of the following numbers of pairs of spinal nerves is correct? A) six cervical B) twelve thoracic C) six lumbar D) eight sacral
twelve thoracic
Striking the ʺfunny boneʺ is actually stimulation of the ________. A) radial nerve B) sciatic nerve C) ulnar nerve D) median nerve
ulnar nerve
Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve? A) abducens B) vestibulocochlear C) trigeminal D) accessory
vestibulocochlear
Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following? A) oculomotor B) vestibulocochlear and olfactory C) trigeminal D) facial
vestibulocochlear and olfactory
Babinskiʹs sign is ________. A) normal in an infant less than 4 years old B) a reflex whose physiological mechanism is well understood C) when the great toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan laterally D) caused by incomplete development of the thalamus in the infant
when the great toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan laterally
Sacral plexus
A fall or improper administration of an injection to the buttocks may injure a nerve of this plexus
Turns the eyeball laterally
Abducens
Formed by the union of a cranial and a spinal root
Accessory
Which of the following is at the lowest level of the CNS? A) direct system B) indirect system C) projection level D) CPG
CPG
Reciprocal inhibition means that while one sensory nerve is stimulated, another sensory neuron in the same area is inhibited and cannot respond.
FALSE
The dorsal ramus consists only of motor fibers bringing information to the spinal cord.
FALSE
Produces a rapid withdrawal of the body part from a painful stimulus; ipsilateral
Flexor
________ is a protective reflex that overrides the spinal pathways and prevents any other reflexes from using them at the same time.
Flexor (polysynaptic) reflex
Produces muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to tension; the contracting muscle relaxes as its antagonist is activated
Golgi tendon
________ is the tingling sensation or numbness when blood has been cut off from an area, as when the foot ʺgoes to sleep.ʺ
Ischemia
________ are modified free-nerve endings found in the stratum germinativum.
Merkel discs
Receptors for this nerve are located in epithelium of the nasal cavity.
Olfactory
Tests both upper and lower motor pathways. The sole of the foot is stimulated with a dull instrument
Plantar
Vestibulocochlear
Serves the senses of hearing and equilibrium
The cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved in regulating motor activity, starting and stopping movements, and coordinating postural movements.
True
The facial nerve is cranial nerve number ________.
VII
Helps to regulate blood pressure and digestion
Vagus
If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies? A) complete loss of sensation B) a complete loss of voluntary movement C) loss of neither sensation nor movement but only of autonomic control D) a complete loss of sensation and movement
a complete loss of voluntary movement
The cranial nerve with a dual origin (brain and spinal cord) is the ________. A) hypoglossal B) accessory C) vagus D) glossopharyngeal
accessory
Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________. A) afferent nerves B) efferent nerves C) motor nerves D) mixed nerves
afferent nerves
Meissnerʹs corpuscles ________. A) are found primarily in connective tissue B) are anatomically unencapsulated C) are interoceptors D) are mechanoreceptors
are mechanoreceptors
Which of the following is NOT an example of an exteroceptor? A) baroreceptor B) pressure C) temperature D) Touch E) Pain
baroreceptor
The projection level of the brain does not include the ________. A) basal nuclei B) brain stem nuclei C) reticular formation D) cerebellum
basal nuclei
Irritation of a major nerve of this plexus may cause hiccups. A) cervical plexus B) lumbar plexus C) sacral plexus D) thoracic plexus
cervical plexus
The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves? A) pudendal and posterior femoral cutaneous B) posterior femoral cutaneous and tibial C) pudendal and common fibular D) common fibular and tibial
common fibular and tibial
Select the statement that is most correct. A) Ganglia are collections of neuron cell bodies in the CNS that are associated with efferent fibers. B) Afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons. C) The dorsal root ganglion is a motor-only structure. D) The cell bodies of afferent ganglia are located in the spinal cord.
Afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons.
Consists of an ipsilateral withdrawal reflex and a contralateral extensor reflex; important in maintaining balance
Crossed-extensor
The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers.
FALSE
The obturator nerve branches from the sacral plexus.
FALSE
There are 41 pairs of spinal nerves.
FALSE
A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle contraction is called a ________. A) Golgi tendon reflex B) flexor reflex C) crossed extensor reflex D) plantar reflex
Golgi tendon reflex
Select the correct definition. A) Magnitude estimation is the simplest level of sensation. B) Perceptual detection is the ability to detect how much stimulus is applied to the body. C) Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face. D) Spatial discrimination allows us to recognize textures.
Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face.
After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________. A) Wallerian cells B) Schwann cells C) dendrites D) Golgi organs
Schwann cells
Prevents muscle overstretching and maintains muscle tone
Stretch
Brahial plexus
Striking the funny bone and trauma to a nerve of this plexus may cause wrist drop
Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of the spinal nerves.
TRUE
External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve.
TRUE
In order to regulate motor activity, to start and stop movements, and to coordinate postural movements, the cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved.
TRUE
In the somatosensory system there are no third-order neurons in the cerebellum.
TRUE
Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups.
TRUE
Spinal roots and rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers.
TRUE
The meningeal branch of a spinal nerve actually reenters the vertebral canal to innervate the meninges and blood vessels.
TRUE
The musculocutaneous nerve is a major nerve of the brachial plexus.
TRUE
The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves.
TRUE
The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers.
TRUE
Which of the following is not true about the integration center of a reflex arc? A) The center may be a single synapse between a motor and a sensory neuron. B) There are always multiple synapses with chains of interneurons. C) It is always located in the CNS. D) The center is a simple reflex arc.
There are always multiple synapses with chains of interneurons.
________ always takes a nonspecific ascending pathway. A) Touch B) Pain C) Temperature D) Arousal
Touch
The circuit level of the somatosensory system involves CNS centers in all of the following except the ________. A) spinal cord B) thalamus C) brain stem D) cerebral cortex
cerebral cortex
The ________ nerve is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve. A) ophthalmic B) maxillary C) cervical D) mandibular
cervical
The three primary levels of neural integration in a sensory system include all of the following except the ________. A) receptor level B) circuit level C) perceptual level D) effector level
effector level
In a crossed extensor reflex, if the right arm were grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________. A) also flex B) extend C) abduct D) adduct
extend
Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors are ________. A) interoceptors B) exteroceptors C) proprioceptors D) chemoreceptors
exteroceptors
A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged? A) facial B) glossopharyngeal C) hypoglossal D) accessory
facial
The perineurium defines the boundary of a ________.
fascicle
A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________. A) femoral B) iliohypogastric C) sciatic D) ilioinguinal
femoral
Bellʹs palsy ________. A) is characterized by partial paralysis of diaphragm muscles B) is characterized by loss of vision C) is often caused by inflammation of the trigeminal nerve D) is characterized by paralysis of facial muscles
is characterized by paralysis of facial muscles
Regeneration within the CNS ________. A) is more successful than with the PNS B) typically allows axonal sprouting of 20 mm C) is complicated by secondary demyelination D) is promoted by growth inhibitors and glial scars
is complicated by secondary demyelination
The abducens nerve conveys proprioceptor impulses from the ________ to the brain. A) medial rectus muscle B) lateral rectus muscle C) superior rectus muscle D) inferior rectus muscle
lateral rectus muscle
Basic reflexes ________. A) are rapid, predictable, learned responses B) may be modified by learned behavior C) are autonomic only D) are always mediated by the brain
may be modified by learned behavior
The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve? A) radial B) median C) ulnar D) musculocutaneous
musculocutaneous
Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc? A) effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor B) receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector C) effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor D) receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector
receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
An improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________. A) neurofibromatosis B) postpoliomyelitis muscular atrophy C) paresthesia D) sciatica
sciatica
The peripheral nervous system includes ________. A) sensory receptors B) basal nuclei C) the spinal cord D) the corpus callosum
sensory receptors
Transduction refers to conversion of ________. A) presynaptic nerve impulses to postsynaptic nerve impulses B) stimulus information to nerve impulses C) receptor energy to stimulus energy D) afferent impulses to efferent impulses
stimulus information to nerve impulses
The ʺknee jerkʺ reflex is an example of a(n) ________. A) extensor thrust reflex B) stress reflex C) cross extensor reflex D) stretch reflex
stretch reflex