Chapter 13 Review
When voters determine that it's not cost-effective to study the issues before voting, it is described as.......... When voters indulge their prejudices by voting in favor of an issue they suspect is bad for society, it is........ Because these votes are often one-sided, they ........... likely to cancel one another out, so .............. is more dangerous to democracy.
-rational ignorance -rational irrationality -are not -rational irrationality
underestimating the economic benefits of interaction with foreigners
anti foreign bias
underestimating the economic benefits of the market system
anti market bias
the conclusion that all voting systems used to choose from three or more alternatives contain some inherent drawback that can prevent them from accurately capturing the preferences of the electorate in all circumstances
arrow's impossibility theorem
the conclusion that in an ordinary election between two candidates, the candidates will position themselves in such a way that their platforms reflect the views of the median voter
median voter theorem
The ............ agenda paradox median voter theorem reversal paradox states that in an ordinary election between two candidates, the candidates will position themselves in such a way that their platforms reflect the views of the voter in the middle.
the median voter theorem
assuming that job creation implies economic progress
make work bias
When the ........ of voting is used, the winner is the candidate who can beat all others in head-to-head elections.
Condorcet method
a voting method in which the winner must defeat each of the other alternatives in head to head contests
Condorcet method (may not be a winner)
even if each individual in a group has transitive preferences, the group's collective preferences might not be transitive
Condorcet paradox
A particular election's outcome happens to be sensitive to the order of events. If A happens before B, X will win. But if B happens before A, Y will win. This sensitivity is referred to as the ________________. A. Condorcet paradox B. Median voter theorem C. Reversal paradox D. Agenda paradox
D. Agenda paradox
In Section 13.3, three roommates were trying to decide on an official drink. Janet preferred beer to wine and wine to pink lemonade; Jack preferred wine to pink lemonade and pink lemonade to beer; and Chrissy preferred pink lemonade to beer and beer to wine. Chrissy, the agenda-setter, offered up this observation: "Clearly there is no Condorcet winner among these choices. And if we used a Borda count, we'd get a tie." Was Chrissy correct? A) no B) yes C) uncertain
Yes, any drink can be defeated by a majority, so there is no Condorcet winner, and with a Borda count, all drinks tie with 3 points.
situation in which the outcome of an election is sensitive to the order of events
agenda paradox
voting method in which each voter ranks alternatives and awards more points to higher ranked alternatives and fewer pts to lower ranked alternatives. that alternative receives the most total points from all voters wins
borda count method
When there are three or more options, plurality rule voting does a good job of capturing the preferences of voters.
false
The median voter theorem is more likely to hold true in elections with a large number of candidates
false -the median voter theorem does not work
voting method in which voters initially rank alternatives, and the alternative with the fewest first place votes is eliminated. That alternative's votes are transferred to each voter's next favorites choice and the process repeats until the winner emerges
instant runoff method (or single transferrable vote system) ****fewest first place votes gets eliminated
choice voters might face that won't win under the best circumstances
irrelevant alternative
the median voter
is indifferent between the two candidates
Sammy, Dean, and Frank are having dinner and are trying to decide which appetizer to share. The choices they have are calamari, jalapeno poppers, and potato skins. After doing a quick survey of their preferences, they discover the following: − Sammy prefers calamari to jalapeno poppers and jalapeno poppers to potato skins. minus − Dean prefers jalapeno poppers to potato skins and potato skins to calamari. minus − Frank prefers potato skins to calamari and calamari to jalapeno poppers. They decide to have a runoff election since there is no clear winner by pitting two choices against each other in a preliminary round, and the winner will face off against the remaining choice in the final round. Refer to Scenario 13.1. If Frank gets to set the agenda, he will pit ________ in the first round to assure that ________ wins the first round vote.
jalapeno poppers and calamari; calamari
general rule
more options, lower likelihood there will be a Condorcet winner
voting in accordance with one's true preferences
naïve voting
underestimating the performance of the economy
pessimistic bias
a voting procedure in which the alternative that receives the most votes wins, even if that alternative doesn't receive a majority of the votes
plurality rule method
Occurs when voters switch their vote because an irrelevant alternative is thrown out.
reversal paradox
voting against one's preferences in the initial rounds of a runoff election in order to prevent the selection of an undesirable alternative in the final round
strategic voting
bc of high transactions costs, people who could cooperate fail to do so. So....
they receive an undesirable social outcome
Ann Marie is a Tea −Party Republican, but she decides to vote in the Democratic primary in order to vote against the most liberal candidate. This is an example of strategic voting.
true
In an ordinary election between two candidates, once both candidates have positioned themselves in the political middle, neither has an incentive to move back toward one of the extremes.
true
The Condorcet paradox shows that even if each individual in a group has transitive preferences, the group's collective preferences may not be transitive.
true