Chapter 13 Social Psychology

Approximately _____ of the participants in Milgram's experiment were willing to deliver the maximum shock level to the participant. 35% You Answered 75% Correct Answer 65%

Approximately _____ of the participants in Milgram's experiment were willing to deliver the maximum shock level to the participant. 35% You Answered 75% Correct Answer 65%

Beliefs and expectations about group members held simply on the basis of their group membership are called Correct! stereotypes.

As compared to a one-sided message, a two-sided message is much less persuasive. You Answered equally persuasive. somewhat less persuasive. Correct Answer more persuasive.

Psychologists have found that prejudice and discrimination may be reduced by increasing contact among in- and outgroup members. educating people about other groups. Correct! All of these mphasizing antiprejudice values more strongly.

At State U., Fraternity A is the most prominent, highest-status house on the row; Fraternity B is smaller, more obscure, and less sought after by pledges during Rush Week. Holden is a "legacy" student from a prominent family and is already active in student life; Gage is an anonymous "average Joe" student. In which of the following situations does the fraternity have the GREATEST power to induce the pledge's conformity during Rush Week? Gage pledging Fraternity B You Answered Holden pledging Fraternity A Correct Answer Gage pledging Fraternity A

Peyton is a sophomore at her hometown university, Washington University of St. Louis. She has grown up in a(n) _________ culture. You Answered nonconformist collectivistic conformist Correct Answer individualist

The task of __________ is to explain how people decide and understand the causes of behavior. discrimination theory Correct Answer attribution theory

The likelihood that an individual will help someone in an emergency situation is ___________ correlated with the number of other people present. Correct! negatively

A high __________ is a person's habitual level of thoughtfulness and cognitive activity. Correct! need for cognition

Blanche is extremely interested in politics and believes an upcoming election is very important to the future. Blanche would most likely be persuaded by a campaign message relying on the ________ route to persuasion. secondary peripheral Correct! central

According to your text, several studies reveal that children as young as 3 show a preference for their own race over others. This most immediately supports the _______ account of the origin of prejudice. resource competition social identity Any of these Correct! observational learning

Milgram's participants were told that the study concerned visual perception. You Answered obedience. problem solving. Correct Answer learning.

According to your text, several studies reveal that children as young as 3 show a preference for their own race over others. This most immediately supports the _______ account of the origin of prejudice. Correct Answer observational learning

Your text defines prejudice as an evaluation. Thus, it is best seen as a type of schema behavior Correct! attitude

Advertisers who design a fear-evoking advertising campaign know that messages are most effective when they frighten people into buying the product. You Answered viewers' cognitive dissonance is activated. Correct Answer they include advice for steps to avoid the described danger.

Perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits or personality factors are called situational causes. evaluative causes. You Answered persuasive causes. Correct Answer dispositional causes.

Advertisers who design a fear-evoking advertising campaign know that messages are most effective when they reach a small and indifferent audience. they frighten people into buying the product. Correct Answer they include advice for steps to avoid the described danger.

Which of the following compliance techniques is CORRECTLY matched with its description? Correct Answer foot-in-the-door—we are more likely to comply with a request if we have already complied with a smaller request.

An ad agency creates an ad for a particular car. It shows how fun the car is to drive. This ad relies on the ________ route to persuasion. Correct Answer peripheral

On hearing you describe Milgram's results, your friend remarks that the participants must have been really weak-willed. This explanation of the participants' behavior reflects a(n) _________ attribution. Correct! dispositional

Behavior that helps others but that involves some self-sacrifice is termed prosocial behavior. Correct! altruism.

In __________ route processing, people are persuaded on the basis of factors unrelated to the nature or quality of the content of a persuasive message. Correct Answer peripheral

Behavior that helps others but that involves some self-sacrifice is termed Correct! altruism.

In determining the causes of others' behavior, we overemphasize dispositional factors; this is the ___________. self-serving bias You Answered halo effect assumed-similarity bias Correct Answer fundamental attribution error

Beliefs and expectations about group members held simply on the basis of their group membership are called Correct! stereotypes.

With respect to its scientific evaluation, the notion of catharsis has generally been supported by empirical research. has a picture of mixed empirical support. You Answered remains to be tested empirically. Correct Answer has generally failed to find support in empirical research.

Beliefs and expectations about group members held simply on the basis of their group membership are called You Answered culture bias. Correct Answer stereotypes.

Birds of a feather flock together." "Opposites attract." Which of these sayings does psychological research support? Neither; psychologists don't study proverbs. Correct Answer birds

Conformity is a change in behavior or attitude brought about by an insecure self-image. Correct Answer a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of others. You Answered

Which of these situations is NOT a strong influence on the formation of friendships? I see these people frequently Correct! the people know my family

Groups consist of __________ who interact with one another, perceive themselves as part of a group, and are interdependent. at least three people Correct! two or more people

In __________ route processing, people are swayed in their judgments by the logic, merit, and strength of arguments. evaluation You Answered peripheral Correct Answer central

Groups consist of __________ who interact with one another, perceive themselves as part of a group, and are interdependent. Correct Answer two or more people

The advertising industry draws on findings from __________ regarding persuasion. Correct! social psychology

How fundamental is the fundamental attribution error? Hardly fundamental at all. It is actually not very common, either in Western or Eastern cultures. Not fundamental. It is more common in Eastern than in Western cultures. Correct! Not fundamental. It is more common in Western than in Eastern cultures.

Dante is interested in the practical and the concrete, and becomes impatient with hypothetical speculations. Dante is most likely to be persuaded via the _________ route. central route Correct! peripheral route

If we do well on a test, we say, "I got an A!" If we do poorly, we say, "She gave me an F." This illustrates the halo effect. the assumed-similarity bias. Correct! the self-serving bias.

According to cognitive dissonance theory, which of the following individuals would be most likely to rate a particular concert as enjoyable? someone who was given the tickets by a sibling someone who had low expectations for the concert someone who decided to go at the last minute Correct! someone who waited seven hours in the rain to get the tickets

If we do well on a test, we say, "I got an A!" If we do poorly, we say, "She gave me an F." This illustrates Correct Answer the self-serving bias.

On hearing you describe Milgram's results, your friend remarks that the participants must have been really weak-willed. This explanation of the participants' behavior reflects a(n) _________ attribution. Correct! dispositional central

In Asch's study on conformity, what percentage of the subjects conformed at least once when they knew their answer to be false? You Answered 35% 50% 10% Correct Answer 75%

Fallon has an idea of what politicians are like: they are often lawyers; they are smooth and communicate well; but they are not always honest. These characteristics are components of Fallon's __________ of politicians. propositional framework You Answered image Correct Answer schema

In __________ route processing, people are swayed in their judgments by the logic, merit, and strength of arguments. Correct Answer central You Answered peripheral

A young boy who overhears his father tell his mother that "girls can't play sports well" may grow up to believe this opinion as a result of the process of You Answered central route learning. cognitive dissonance. Correct Answer observational learning.

In determining the causes of others' behavior, we overemphasize dispositional factors; this is the ___________. assumed-similarity bias halo effect self-serving bias Correct! fundamental attribution error

The __________ occurs when we attribute success to personal factors and attribute failure to outside factors. halo effect Correct! self-serving bias

Instinct theorist Konrad Lorenz would argue that opportunities to exercise and to play sports ought to be given to prisoners because they You Answered reduce the frustration that causes aggression. present violent models to be seen and imitated by other prisoners. provide models of prosocial behavior. Correct Answer enable natural aggressive energy to be released harmlessly.

People who have a high __________ are more likely to use central route processing. need for evaluation Correct Answer need for cognition

On late-night TV, you see an infomercial claiming that the price of the product has been slashed for a special offer. Of course the price displayed has always been the selling price of the product. You are reminded of the _________ compliance technique described in your psychology textbook. You Answered foot-in-the-door foot-in-the-mouth Correct Answer that's-not-all

According to your text, several studies reveal that children as young as 3 show a preference for their own race over others. This most immediately supports the _______ account of the origin of prejudice. resource competition social identity Correct! observational learning

Social psychologist Leon Festinger is associated with the study of conformity. obedience. routes to persuasion. Correct! cognitive dissonance.

An attitude is a(n) action. belief. You Answered feeling. Correct Answer evaluation.

The __________ account of the origin of prejudice focuses on the potential role of prejudice in maintaining self-esteem. resource competition social neuroscience Correct Answer social identity

One makes an attribution when one Correct Answer decides on the causes of an individual's behavior.

The __________ account of the origin of prejudice focuses on the potential role of prejudice in maintaining self-esteem. resource competition social neuroscience You Answered observational learning Correct Answer social identity

Which of these strategies did your text offer as an effective means of dealing with anger? Correct Answer All of these You Answered

The __________ account of the origin of prejudice focuses on the potential role of prejudice in maintaining self-esteem. Correct Answer social identity

A high __________ is a person's habitual level of thoughtfulness and cognitive activity. need for evaluation Correct! need for cognition

When advertisers hired Michael Jordan to sell underwear, they were making use of the characteristics of the message. You Answered characteristics of the target. halo effect. Correct Answer message source.

Beliefs and expectations about group members held simply on the basis of their group membership are called Correct! stereotypes.

When advertisers hired Michael Jordan to sell underwear, they were making use of the Correct! message source.

Which of these statements reflect(s) a criticism that has been leveled against the Implicit Associations Test? The test measures only conscious racial attitudes. You Answered All of these The test requires people to directly report their racial feelings. Correct Answer The biases that the test measures may not affect overt behavior.

Which of the following compliance techniques is CORRECTLY matched with its description? Correct! foot-in-the-door—we are more likely to comply with a request if we have already complied with a smaller request.

Proximity is defined as You Answered nearness to others. Correct Answer the tendency to like those who like us.

Which of the following statements regarding interpersonal attraction is LEAST ACCURATE? Physical attractiveness may be the most important factor promoting initial liking in dating situations. Correct Answer Opposites tend to attract.

In __________ route processing, people are swayed in their judgments by the logic, merit, and strength of arguments. evaluation persuasion Correct Answer central You Answered

Which of these situations best describes a situational cause of behavior? Helping an older lady across the street because I am always thoughtful. Someone who is normally grumpy, frowning about an exam as he walks out of the classroom. Being on time for school every morning, because I am a punctual person. Correct! Straightening up the guest room, which is normally messy, because relatives are coming to visit.

Dante is interested in the practical and the concrete, and becomes impatient with hypothetical speculations. Dante is most likely to be persuaded via the _________ route. primary route You Answered central route Correct Answer peripheral route

Which of these statements regarding aggression is most likely to be true? We have pent-up aggression that needs to be released on a regular basis. Most children are not influenced by watching violent shows on TV. We have very little influence over our own aggressive behavior. Correct! Certain stimuli act as aggressive cues, making aggressive acts much more likely when the cues are present.

A state of intense absorption in someone, with physiological arousal, psychological interest, and care for the other's needs, is __________ love. the intimacy component of the commitment component of Correct! passionate or romantic

Your text defines prejudice as an evaluation. Thus, it is best seen as a type of schema feeling Correct! attitude

In their classic cognitive dissonance study, Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) paid participants either $1 or $20 to say a task was interesting. The percentage of the $20-participants that said the task was interesting was _______ than the percentage of $1 participants. slightly greater Correct Answer lower

__________ is the process by which the actions of an individual or group affect the behavior of others. Evaluative influence Persuasive influence Dispositional influence Correct! Social influence